三种新型探空仪的性能对比与分析  

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Three New types of Sonde

作　　者：周雪松 田泓 Zhou Xuesong;Tian Hong(Hohhot Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010051)

机构地区：[1]呼和浩特市气象局,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2022年第6期44-48,共5页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

摘　　要：呼和浩特国家高空气象观测站利用三个厂家的新型探空仪,开展冬季平行观测,并与换型前的GTS1探空仪进行对比,从外观结构、性能指标、对比观测数据等方面评述换型后三种新型探空仪在业务使用中的表现。从太阳辐射对三种新型探空仪温湿支架的增温影响看,GTS13温湿支架设计的最好。从温湿支架上湿度元件防雨帽的效果比较看,GTS13防雨帽最佳、GTS12次之,且GTS12温湿支架出口需硅胶封口改进。业务对比表明,GTS11、GTS12、GTS13探空仪的测温、测湿性能优于GTS1型,三种新型探空仪温度和等压面高度数值比较接近,但在测湿的灵敏度方面,GTS12更好。从雷达接收的探空信号、雷达测距信号强度看,GTS12、GTS13性能比较接近,GTS11在探空观测后期,斜距大于70 km以后,探空信号、雷达信号强度明显变差,尤其是雷达测距信号,甚至看不到凹口,信号变差的比率为22%。三种新型探空仪湿度感应元件在实际应用中,虽然对湿度的感应曲线变化趋势一致,但湿度随气压的变化各具特点。Hohhot National High-altitude Meteorological Observatory uses new radiosondes made by three manufacturers to carry out parallel observation in winter,and compares them with GTS1 radiosonde before the change,and comments on the performance of the three new radiosondes after the change from the aspects of appearance structure,performance index and comparative observation data.From the influence of solar radiation on the temperature increase of three new types of radiosonde,GTS13 is the best one.According to the comparison of the effect of rain-proof cap of humidity element on the warm and humid support,GTS13 rain-proof cap is the best,followed by GTS12,and the outlet of GTS12 warm and humid support needs to be improved by silica gel sealing.The business comparison shows that GTS11,GTS12 and GTS13 radiosondes are superior to GTS1 in temperature and humidity measurement.The values of temperature and isobaric surface height of the three new radiosondes are close,but GTS12 is better in humidity measurement sensitivity.From the strength of the sounding signal and radar ranging signal received by the radar,the performance of GTS12 and GTS13 is similar.After the oblique distance of GTS11 is greater than 70km,the strength of the sounding signal and radar signal becomes obviously worse,especially the radar ranging signal,even the notch can't be seen,and the signal deterioration rate is 22%.In the practical application of the three new radiosonde humidity sensing elements,although the change trend of the humidity sensing curve is consistent,the humidity changes with the air pressure have their own characteristics.

关 键 词：新型探空仪 结构 观测性能 对比分析 

分 类 号：P412.23[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]