城市建设对极端气候及农业气象灾害指标的影响  

Influence of Urban Construction on Extreme Climate and Agro-meteorological Disaster Indicators

作　　者：于亮亮[1] 孔德胤 Yu Liangliang;Kong Deyin(Inner Mongolia Bayannur Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Bayannaoer 015000;Inner Mongolia Bayannur City Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station,Inner Mongolia Bayannur 015000)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [2]巴彦淖尔市农业气象试验站,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2022年第5期28-33,42,共7页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

摘　　要：农业气象灾害指标是农业气象服务的基础,受城市变化的影响,河套地区原有的农业气象指标已经不能很好地为农业生产服务。本项研究的开展旨在为河套地区新品种的引进、高新农业的发展提供更可靠的气象指标。文章选取临河城市气象站和直线距离22 km的陕坝郊区气象站进行分析对比,研究城市气候与极端气候变化。临河站日最高气温≥35.0℃日数最多的年代为20世纪90年代,其次为21世纪10年代。临河站年极端最高气温均值最高的年代为20世纪90年代,为37.0℃;其次为21世纪10年代,为36.8℃;临河站年极端最低气温均值最高为20世纪90年代,为-20.9℃;以不受城市气候影响的30年均值为标准,临河站年日照时数20世纪80、90年代和21世纪10年代分别减少了3.5%、5.6%和5.2%。陕坝站、临河站年大风日数最高值均为20世纪70年代,分别为30.4 d和8.5 d。临河站大风日数第二高值年代为21世纪20年代,为4.3 d;陕坝站则呈逐渐下降趋势。临河站初霜冻峰值出现在2006—2009年,此时处于迁站前期,谷值出现在1994—1997年。由此可见,城市气候对霜冻的影响是十分明显的;临河站≥0℃、≥10℃积温最高的年代为21世纪10年代,两站最低出现在20世纪70年代。1971—1990年,是城市气候影响较小时期,20世纪90年代是影响较大时期,21世纪20年代为恢复期。Agricultural meteorological hazard index is the basis of agricultural meteorological service.Affected by urban change,the original agricultural meteorological index in Hetao region can not serve agricultural production well.The purpose of this study is to provide a more reliable meteorological index for the introduction of new varieties and the development of high-tech agriculture in Hetao area.Linhe station and Shanba suburban station are selected to study urban climate and extreme climate change.The straight-line distance between the two stations is 22km.The maximum number of daily maximum temperature≥35℃in Linhe Station was in the 1990s,followed by the 2010s.The mean extreme maximum temperature in Linhe Station was 37.0℃in 1990s,the second is the 2010s,which is 36.8℃.The average annual extreme minimum temperature of Linhe Station was the highest in the 1990s at-20.9℃.With the 30 year average not affected by urban climate,the annual sunshine hours of Linhe Station decreased by 3.5%,5.6%and 5.2%in the 1980s and 1990s and 2910s,,respectively.The maximum annual gale days of Shannba Station and Linhe Station were 30.4 days and 8.5 days in the 1970s,respectively.The second highest number of gale days was in the 2020s,which was 4.3d.Shanba station showed a gradual downward trend.The peak frost value of Linhe station appeared from 2006 to 2009,and the peak frost value appeared from 1994 to 1997,the effect of urban climate on frost is very obvious;The highest accumulated temperature of≥0℃and≥10℃at Linhe Station was 4046.0℃and 3550.4℃in the 2000s,respectively,and the lowest accumulated temperature of the two stations was in the 1970s.1971 to 1990 was a period of small influence on urban climate.The 1990s was the period of great influence,and the 2020s was the recovery period.

关 键 词：临河站 城市气候 极端气候变化 农业气象灾害指标 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]