中华民族共同体语境下的元明版画艺术图鉴——以元明两朝汉、蒙古、藏、回鹘、西夏、察合台文版画艺术流变史为例  

On Print Artworks of Yuan and Ming Dynasty in the Context of Community for the Chinese Nation:Case Study of the Evolutional History of Print Artworks in Chinese,Mongolian,Tibetan,Old Uyghur,Tangut,and Chagatai Language

作　　者：于玉莲 覃代伦 YU Yu-lian;QIN Dai-lun(Ethnic Publishing House;National Museum of China)

机构地区：[1]民族出版社,北京100013 [2]中国民族博物馆非遗部,北京100080

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2022年第5期88-99,171-172,共14页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

摘　　要：元明两朝是中华民族共同体意识形成发展的重要时期。本文从多民族、多语种版画艺术流变史的视角切入:汉地汉文版画艺术从元代《碛砂藏》《普宁藏》《道藏》,到明朝金陵画派、建安画派、新安画派和武林画派;藏地藏文版画艺术从元代纳塘古版《大藏经》、伏藏巨制《莲花遗教》,到明朝永乐版《大藏经》(南京版)、万历版《大藏经》(北京版)以及世俗著作《西藏王统记》和《青史》;蒙古地域蒙古文版画艺术从元代世俗艺术《孝经直解》《事林广记》《饮膳正要》和西夏文版《大藏经》,到明朝世俗著作《小黄金史》、史诗《格斯尔》和万历版蒙古文《大藏经》《二十一度母颂》,两朝两代有时用汉、蒙古、藏、梵、西夏文、回鹘文、察合台文单语种刊印,更多是汉、蒙古、藏、梵四体合璧或蒙藏两体合璧刊印,真实形象地记录了元明两朝汉、藏、蒙古、党项、回鹘、鲜卑、女真等多民族、多语种、多文化的交往、交流和交融,是元明时期中华民族共同体意识形成发展的艺术图鉴。Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and Han-led Ming dynasty are the crucial historical periods of the forming of a sense of community for the Chinese nation. This article takes the perspective of the evolutional history of print artworks of multiple ethnic groups and multiple languages, including: 1) print artworks in Chinese, ranging from Qishazang(Qisha Tripitaka),Puningzang(Puning Qisha Tripitaka), andDaozang(Dao Qisha Tripitaka) of Yuan dynasty, to Jinling Painting School, Jian ’an Painting School, Xin’an Painting School, and Wulin Painting School of Ming dynasty;2) print artworks in Tibetan, ranging fromDazangjing(Dazang Tripitaka, old edition from Narthang Monastery) and the revealed master pieceTestament of Padmaof Yuan dynasty,toDazangjing(Dazang Tripitaka, Nanjing edition of Yongle era),Dazangjing(Dazang Tripitaka, Beijing edition of Wanli era), as well as secular writings likeClear Mirror on Royal GenealogyandBlue Annalsof Ming dynasty;3) print artworks of Mongol Empire in Mongolian, ranging from Mongolian secular artwork of Yuan dynasty, like theLiteral Annotations of The Classic of Filial Piety( by Guan Yunshi),Vast Record of Varied Matters,Principles of Correct Diet, andDazangjing(Dazang Tripitaka, written in Tangut script), to secular writings of Ming dynasty like theOutline of Mongolian History of Altan,Epic of King Gesar,Dazangjingand thePraise to Tara with Twenty-One Verses of Homage(Wanli era edition written in Mongolian). These aforementioned artworks of Yuan and Ming dynasty are printed sometimes in one language, including Chinese, Mongolian,Tibetan, Sanskrit, Tangut scripts, Old Uyghur, Chagatai, but most of them are printed in four languages(Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit) or two languages(Mongolian and Tibetan);these artworks vividly and truthfully documents the multi-ethnic,multilingual and multi-cultural exchanges and interactions between Han, Tibetan,Mongolian, Tangut, Huihu, Xianbei and Jurchen ethnic groups in Yuan and Ming dynasty;and they are also artistic illustrations of the for

关 键 词：元明两朝 多民族多语种版画艺术流变 中华民族共同体意识形成艺术图鉴 共同创造 交往交流交融 

分 类 号：J217[艺术—美术] K247[历史地理—历史学] K248[历史地理—中国史] C95[社会学—民族学]