满语safiya小考  

On a Manchu Word safiya

作　　者：顾松洁 张开轩 GU Song-jie;ZHANG Kai-xuan(Institute of Chinese Minority Languages and Classics,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;International Institute of Chinese Studies,Beijing Foreign Languages University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言研究院,北京100081 [2]北京外国语大学国际中国文化研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《满语研究》2022年第2期117-125,共9页Manchu Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究项目(项目编号:21VJXG032)

摘　　要：满语safiya是俄语сафьян的音译词,即汉文档案中出现的“香羊皮”“熏羊皮”,是将羊皮经植物鞣制并染成鲜艳色泽的软革,又称“摩洛哥皮革”,多用于制作鞋靴。17世纪后半叶,俄国制革业兴起,香羊皮通过俄国入华使节传入中国。18世纪又发展出两条输入途径:一是经恰克图贸易购入,成为内务府进口皮货之一种;二是从中亚进入新疆,其中被官府买办的部分多用于赏赐。此物在清宫中多用于制作箭筒、皮匣、鞍■以及盛装小物件的套袋等。香羊皮的输入体现了清代欧亚大陆商品流通和物质传播的轨迹。Manchu word safiya is the transliteration of a Russianсафьян,namely“fragrant sheepskin”or“smoked sheepskin”in Chinese archives.It is a kind of soft leather made of sheepskin tanned by plants and dyed into bright colors,also known as“Moroccan leather”,which is mostly used for making shoes and boots.In the second half of the 17th century,leather industry rose in Russia,and leather began to be imported into China by Russian envoys.By the 18th century,two import routes were developed:one was purchased in the Kiakhtu trade,and the other was brought to Xinjiang by Uyghur merchants of Xinjiang and Bukhara merchants of Central Asia.In the Forbidden City during Qing Dynasty,it is used for making quivers,leather boxes,saddles and bags containing small items.In Xinjiang,due to the suitable climate and people’s demand,its consumption is larger.The importation of leather reflects the track of commodity circulation and material dissemination in Eurasia since the 17th century.

关 键 词：香羊皮 鞣革 回商 

分 类 号：H221[语言文字—少数民族语言]