清代皇帝御名避讳制及满汉文避讳字谱  

Qing Dynasty Emperor Names’ Taboo System and Manchu Chinese Taboo Character Spectrum

作　　者：春花[1] CHUN HUA(The Library of Palace Museum,Beijing 1000009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院图书馆,北京100009

出　　处：《满语研究》2022年第2期23-34,共12页Manchu Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究项目(项目编号:21VJXG032)

摘　　要：有清一代,清太祖和清太宗取用满语名字,仅避全名,不避单字。顺治皇帝沿袭太祖和太宗皇帝避讳皇帝全名的习俗,而康熙皇帝在一定范围内实施敬避皇帝御名的制度。自雍正元年(1723年)开始,清廷全面实施皇帝御名避讳制度,除了避讳皇帝的御名汉字之外,还避讳其满文字。乾隆皇帝多次重申皇帝名讳汉字的避写字谱,规范满文名字避讳书写的方法。自乾隆朝开始,随着避讳字范围不断加大,避讳方法更加完善,至宣统皇帝御名仍用避讳字。In the Qing Dynasty,Taizu and Taizong chose Manchu names,avoiding full names and single characters only.Shunzhi Emperor followed the practice of avoiding full names of emperors.In a certain extent,KangxiEmperor implemented the system of respecting and avoiding the imperial name of the emperor.Since the first year of Emperor Yongzheng(1723),the Qing Court implemented the imperial curtain to avoid the royal name taboo rules.In addition to avoiding the emperor’s Chinese Han royal name,the Manchu names were also obey to the taboo system.The Qianlong Emperor repeatedly emphasized the Chinese characters to avoid writing the emperor’s name.Since the Qianlong Dynasty,the taboo writing method of names has been improved with the increasing scope of taboo words until the Xuantong Emperor’s regin.

关 键 词：清代 皇帝御名 避讳制度 避讳字谱 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度] H221[历史地理—历史学]