对环境的错误知觉——评蒂姆·英戈尔德的研究及人类学理论中感觉运用的另类指南  

The Misperception of the Environment:A Critical Evaluation of the Work of Tim Ingold and an Alternative Guide to the Use of the Senses in Anthropological Theory

作　　者： 黄筱茜(译) David Howes;Xiaoqian HUANG(Concordia University,Montreal,Canada;Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]康考迪亚大学社会与人类学系 [2]康考迪亚大学感觉研究中心 [3]浙江大学

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2022年第2期34-55,465,共23页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

摘　　要：本文从社会与感官人类学(sensory1anthropology)角度,对蒂姆·英戈尔德的研究做出批判性评价。英戈尔德对于技能获得(enskillment)、运动、过程和增长的强调,无疑具有创新意义;但他提出的感觉“互换”以及将复数的人减化为普遍化个体,蕴含着将感觉与人抽象化,这些方面则有待商榷。普遍认为英戈尔德的人类学是前-文化与后-社会人类学,其结果是忽视感觉的社会性和知觉的文化中介性,他的“直接知觉”说尤成问题。不同于他对“线条生活”的强调,本文立足感觉生活;不同于他对社会性的轻视,本文认同知觉的政治,这种政治影响着大多数感知行为。最后,文章讨论了如何感性化呈现人类学理论,以及如何实践感官民族志。This article presents a critcal evaluation of the work of Tim Ingold from the standpoint of social and sensory anthropology.It acknowledges the novelty of the emphasis on enskillment,movement,process,and growth in Ingold's work.However,it is critical of his abstraction of the senses,which are rendered“interchangeable”,and of persons,who are reduced to generic individuals.Ingold's anthropology is shown to be pre-cultural and post-social at once,with the result that it fails to address the sociality of sensation and cultural mediation of perception.Ingold's doctrine of“direct perception”is exposed as particularly problematic.In place of his emphasis on“the life of lines”,this article foregrounds the life of the senses,and in lieu of his diminution of the social,it acknowledges the politics of perception that inform most every perceptual act.The article concludes with a series of reflections on how to go about sensualizing anthropological theory and practicing sensory ethnography(i.e.the methodology of participant sensation).

关 键 词：现象学 生态心理学 可供性 感官民族志 知觉的文化偶然性 感觉的社会性 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]