自然法与历史法  

Natural Law and Historical law

作　　者： 张心璐(译) 姚远(译)[2,3] Kojiro Wada;Zhang Xinlu;Yao Yuan

机构地区：[1]早稻田大学 [2]南京师范大学法学院 [3]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《民间法》2022年第2期488-503,共16页

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“马克思法律思想的法国渊源研究”(17BFX161)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自然法思想萌芽于希腊智术师,进入二十世纪获得了新生,在近代成为人类的国家和法的终极根源和权威来源。自然法追求法理念的合理性。历史法学则主张所有的法都受历史的制约,存在于民族的现实生活中,是自然而然生成的。历史法着眼于法的现实性,而现实的法的本质是民族精神,民族精神又是历史法的本源。历史法学的本质特征在于,法是自发形成并被人们发现的事物。自然法和历史法是法哲学必须加以警戒的两座断崖,既不能否定法的普遍理性,也不能否定法的内容的历史性。自然法以合理性为本质,主要在理性的必然性、妥当性中追求其效力,其认为法必须从普遍理念中寻找其合理性和妥当性。历史法是在现实的民族生活中生成的法,是在现实中施行的法,其认为法都是在历史中被发现的。法既有历史性也有理念性。The idea of natural law germinated in Greek sophists.In the twentieth century,it gained a new life and became the ultimate source and authoritative source of human state and law in modern times.Natural law pursues the rationality of legal ideas.Historical jurisprudence advocates that all laws are subject to the constraints of history,exist in the real life of the nation,and are generated naturally.The historical law focuses on the reality of the law,and the essence of the realistic law is the national spirit,and the national spirit is the origin of the historical law.The essential feature of historical jurisprudence is that law is something that is spontaneously formed and discovered by people.Natural law and historical law are the two cliffs that legal philosophy must guard against.Neither the universal rationality of law nor the historicity of the content of law can be denied.Natural law takes rationality as its essence,and mainly pursues its effectiveness in rational necessity and appropriateness.It believes that law must seek its rationality and appropriateness from universal ideas.The historical law is the law generated in the actual national life and the law implemented in the reality.It believes that the law is all discovered in history.Law is both historical and ideal.

关 键 词：自然法 历史法 法的效力 实定法 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]