“九儒十丐”说辨析  

Differentiation and Analysis of the Theory of "Nine Scholars and Ten Beggars"

作　　者：任崇岳[1] REN Chongyue

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2022年第3期10-17,125,共9页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

摘　　要：“九儒十丐”是流传了将近800年的谚语,说的是元朝把人分为十等,第九等是儒士,即知识分子;第十等是乞丐,知识分子的地位仅比乞丐稍高,可见其地位之低下。“文革”中称知识分子为臭老九,即由此而来。不少学者在著作或讲话中都提及了“九儒十丐”,认为正是元朝有了这一规定,阻断了儒士出仕之路,儒士被逼无奈,遂转而从事杂剧创作,从而促成了元杂剧的繁荣。但这种说法经不起推敲,元朝并无“九儒十丐”的规定,元杂剧的繁荣另有原因,与“九儒十丐”之说无涉。“九儒十丐”这一不正确提法应予澄清,还历史本来面目。"Ninth the Confucians while Tenth the Beggars"is a proverb that has been circulating for nearly 800 years.It says that the Yuan Dynasty divided people into ten classes,in which the ninth class was Confucianism,the intellectuals,and the tenth beggars.The status of intellectuals was only slightly higher than that of beggars,emphasizing their low status.In the"Cultural Revolution",intellectuals were called"the stinking ninth",which took its source from the ancient Yuan story.Many scholars mentioned the"ninth Confucians while tenth beggars"in their works or speeches,and believed that it was the Yuan Dynasty that had this arrangement,blocking the way for Confucianism to enter the aristocratic circle.Confucians were left to be helpless and turned to creating drama,thus contributing to the prosperity of drama in the Yuan Dynasty.This statement,however,could not stand scrutiny.There was no any provision or decree pertaining to the"Ninth Confucians while Tenth Beggars"in the Yuan Dynasty.And there were another reasons for the prosperity of drama in the Yuan Dynasty,which had nothing to do with the theory of"the Ninth Confucian while Tenth Beggars".The incorrect formulation of"Ninth Confucians while Tenth Beggars"should be clarified to restore the true face of history.

关 键 词：元朝 九儒十丐 杂剧繁荣 地位低下 还历史本来面目 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]