论债权人代位诉讼的程序法构造——以实体法到程序法之演变为视角  

Research on the Procedural Structure of Creditor’s Subrogation Action——from Substantive Law to Procedural Law

作　　者：林洧 Lin Wei

机构地区：[1]台湾大学法律学院,中国

出　　处：《贸大法律评论》2022年第1期123-137,共15页Uibe Legal Science

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第535条与第537条构建了债权人代位诉讼的静态规范,但在制度的具体实施过程中,还需诉讼法的动态解释。为加强诉讼法与实体法的衔接,有必要从债权人代位诉讼的程序法构造出发,进行诉讼担当性质论下的审判对象与既判力主观范围等程序法问题的研究。通过对债权人代位诉讼的当事人适格进行研究可知,代位权本质上是诉讼实施权的范畴,诉讼标的则为债务人与相对人之间的债权债务关系,诉讼本身也属于特殊类型的法定诉讼担当。在判决确定之后,其既判力的主观范围则会全面扩张及于债务人;同时,为实现诉讼经济的理念,原则上应禁止其他债权人再就同一实体法律关系为后诉讼。基于此,从程序保障论的视角上,需要通过事前的诉讼告知或诉讼通知制度,正当化前述对于债务人与其他债权人的约束;也需要赋予案外第三人提起第三人撤销之诉的权利,以正当化既判力的扩张效力,同时提供用于弥补程序保障不足的救济途径。Article 535 and Article 537 of the Civil Code of Our country construct the static standard of creditor’s subrogation action,but in the concrete implementation process of the system,it also needs the dynamic interpretation of the procedure law.In order to strengthen the connection between procedural law and substantive law,it is necessary to start from the structure of procedural law of creditor’s subrogation,to study the subject of trial and the subjective scope of res judicata.Through the study of the qualification of the parties in the creditor’s subrogation action,we know that the subrogation right is in essence the category of the right to implement the action,and the object of the action is the credit and debt relationship between the debtor and the counterpart,and the action itself belongs to a special type of legal action.After the judgment is confirmed,the subjective scope of res judicata will be fully expanded to the debtor;at the same time,for the consideration of litigation economy,in principle,other creditors should be prohibited from suing for the same entity legal relationship.Based on this,from the perspective of procedural safeguard theory,it is necessary to justify the aforementioned constraints on debtors and other creditors through prior litigation notification or notice system,and it is also necessary that the third party outside the case should be endowed with the right to bring the third party’s cancellation suit,so as to justify the expansion effect of res judicata and meanwhile provide the remedy way to make up for the deficiency of procedure guarantee.

关 键 词：债权人代位诉讼 法定诉讼担当 既判力主观范围扩张 诉讼标的 程序保障 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]