组织体逻辑视域下经理作为业务执行机关研究  

Research on Managers as Business Executives from the Perspective of Organizational Logic

作　　者：孙虎 Sun Hu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《贸大法律评论》2022年第1期77-86,共10页Uibe Legal Science

摘　　要：经理法律性质的界定视角应立足于一国公司组织架构和现行法律制度安排。既有学说对经理性质的认定多侧重于从契约逻辑证成,试图以经理身处何种法律关系作为定性依归。然契约逻辑的缺陷在于难以与我国现行公司法中经理的权利义务相契合,体现为经理的内部组织体关系与外部行为关系,经理性质的确定性与契约关系的模糊性之间的分歧。域外集权式的董事会主义以及双层董事会构造模式弥合了会议制机关在业务执行上的不足,经理职权及其设置与否完全取决于公司自治,其性质的界定寄期于契约关系成为必然选择。但我国在业务执行权归属和董事会构造上不同于两大法系公司法的立法设计。从公司业务的实施者来看,经理主持公司的生产经营管理工作、组织实施公司年度经营计划和投资方案,行使法定的业务执行权。是以回归组织体逻辑,经理毫无疑问才是主要的业务执行机关。董事兼任经理的规定一定程度上弥合了董事会和业务执行机关并存的冲突,也是对经理在业务执行上特殊优势的承认。The definition of the legal nature of managers should be based on the organizational structure and the current legal system of a country.The existing theories mainly focus on the identification of the nature of the manager from the logic of the contract and try to take the legal relationship of the manager as the qualitative basis.However,the defect of contract logic lies in that it is difficult to fit with the rights and obligations of managers in China’s current company law,which is reflected in the differences between managers’internal organizational relationships and external behavior relationship,and between the certainty of manager nature and the ambiguity of contractual relationship.The extraterritorial centralized board of directors and the two-tier board of directors structure model have made up for the deficiency in the business execution of the conference system.The authority of the manager and whether it is established or not completely depend on the autonomy of the company,so it is an inevitable choice that the definition of its nature depends on the contractual relationship.However,the ownership of executive power and the structure of the board of directors are different from the legislative design of the two law systems.From the point of view of the implementation of the company’s business,the manager presides over the company’s production and operation management,organizes the implementation of the company’s annual business plan and investment plan,and exercises the legal business execution power.In regression to organizational logic,managers are unquestionably the primary business executor.The stipulation that directors concurrently serve as managers to some extent bridged the conflict between the board of directors and the business executive organ,and also recognized the special advantages of managers in business execution.

关 键 词：经理 董事会 契约关系 业务执行 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.291.91[政治法律—法学]