第三人代为清偿的规则释论  

On the Applicable Interpretation of the Third-party Compensation System

作　　者：任翔宇 Ren Xiangyu

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《贸大法律评论》2022年第1期40-50,共11页Uibe Legal Science

摘　　要：《民法典》第524条填补了我国民法在第三人清偿制度上的空白,但该条款中尚有诸多问题法律未作细致规定,故有必要加以深入探讨。首先,应避免受法条中先行判断“合法利益”的引导,而基于维护给付利益实现的立场设计该制度的成本分析架构:针对货币之债,因货币属性而不存在瑕疵履行所致的给付利益受损,故不赋予债务人异议权和债权人拒绝权;针对非货币之债,可由债权人与第三人达成清偿合意,交债权人选择是否接受履行,且债务人异议不应对清偿产生效力影响。其次,作为评价性要素的“合法利益”当次序判断,对其不宜盲目采扩张或限缩解释,应采取基于债之种类而区别考察的解释进路。The Article 524 of the Civil Code fills the gaps in the third-party compensation system of our civil law,but it’s not enough.First,we should avoid being guided by the“legitimate interest”in the law,and design the cost analysis framework of the system based on the standpoint of safeguarding the realization of benefits:for monetary debts,payments due to the lack of flawed performance due to currency attributes The interest is impaired,so the debtor is not granted the right of objection and the creditor’s rejection;for non-monetary debts,the creditor and the third party can reach a separate settlement agreement,and the creditor can decide whether to accept the performance,and the debtor’s objection should not be substantive to the third party’s repayment effectiveness impact.Secondly,the“legitimate interests”as an evaluative element should be judged in order,but should also adopt a different interpretation approach based on the type of debt.

关 键 词：民法典 第三人清偿 给付利益 合法利益 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]