重识贝卡里亚的刑罚理论及其现代意义  

Rethinking Beccaria’s Penalty Theory and Its Modern Significance

作　　者：罗有成 Youcheng Luo

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学全面依法治国研究院 [2]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《贸大法律评论》2020年第1期109-119,共11页Uibe Legal Science

摘　　要：贝卡里亚的刑罚理论为现代刑罚制度奠定了基础,在法律史和社会史上兼具独到意义和重要地位。在反叛封建刑罚、张扬启蒙精神的历史语境下,贝卡里亚的刑罚理论始终依赖一种机械论范式的科学话语,以丝丝入扣的惩罚权力技术为中心,主要考虑惩罚如何作用于人类身心。与之相对应的刑罚技术是自由刑,自由刑异质于传统刑罚运行的宏观强制化,疏离拒斥“作为公共景观的酷刑”,转而作用于时间牢笼之中生命个体塑形与构序的自由。但是,贝卡里亚给出的刑罚方案在有效惩罚犯罪的同时,也亲手把人类推向了“技术统治”的深渊,以至于在后来的历史进程中一直面临着贝卡里亚始料未及的“惩罚合理性”难题。Beccaria’s penalty theory has laid the foundation for the modern penalty system,which has unique significance and important position in the history of law and society.In the historical context of rebelling against feudal penalty and publicizing the spirit of enlightenment,Beccaria’s penalty theory always relies on the scientific discourse of a mechanical paradigm,centering on the fine technology of punishment power,mainly considering how punishment acts on human body and mind.The corresponding penalty technology is freedom penalty,which is different from the macro coercion of traditional penalty operation,alienates and rejects“torture as a public landscape”,and acts on the freedom of individual shaping and order in the cage of time.However,Beccaria’s penalty plan not only effectively punishes crimes,but also pushes all life existence into the abyss of“technological rule”.As a result,in the later historical process,human beings have been faced with the problem of“punishment rationality”which Beccaria had never expected.

关 键 词：贝卡里亚 惩罚权力技术 自由刑 技术统治 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]