石油炼制过程硫及氮资源化回收技术探析  

Analysis of sulfur and nitrogen recycling technology in petroleum refining process

作　　者：胡敏 Hu min(SINOPEC Guangzhou Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620)

机构地区：[1]中石化广州工程有限公司,广东省广州市510620

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2020年第2期1-11,共11页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：高硫、高氮原油加工带来新的环境保护问题,需采取多种措施使废气和污水排放满足GB 31570—2015《石油化工企业污染物排放标准》的要求或满足项目所在地污染物排放限值要求。国家对环境保护提出更加严苛的要求,提高原油中硫、氮资源回收率,减少硫氧化物(SOx)、氮氧化物(NOx)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)等气体污染物和氨氮(NH3-N)等液体污染物排放,可以实现原油中硫、氮资源化回收最大化。减少原油加工损失率也是节能、减排、保护环境的客观要求,火炬气回收是重要的资源化回收技术,实现火炬气"零排放"可以减少火炬气排放对环境造成的污染。硫回收、氨回收是最重要的硫、氮资源化回收工艺,氨法烟气脱硫技术是重要的硫、氮资源化回收和利用工艺,可同时实现硫、氮资源回收和利用,烟气脱硫副产环己酮肟技术可实现副产物的高品位资源化利用,但氨逃逸和气溶胶仍是大众关注的焦点。可再生湿法烟气脱硫工艺和活性焦烟气脱硫工艺是重要的硫资源回收工艺,选择性催化还原(SCR)工艺和低温臭氧氧化(LoTOx)等烟气脱硝工艺+从本质上都没有解决氮的资源化回收和利用问题。The processing of high-sulfur and high-nitrogen crude oil can bring new environmental protection issues. Exhaust gas and sewage should be satisfied with the requirements of GB 31570—2015 "Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum refining industry" or the pollutant emission limit values at the project site. The state has more stringent requirements for environmental protection. It should improve the recovery rate of sulfur and nitrogen resources in crude oil, Reducing emissions of gaseous pollutants such as sulfur oxides(SOx), nitrogen oxides(NOx), volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and liquid pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N). Maximize the recovery of sulfur and nitrogen resources. Reducing the loss rate of crude oil processing is also an objective requirement for energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection. Flare gas recovery is an important resource recovery technology. Achieving "zero emissions" of flare gas can reduce the environmental pollution caused by flare gas emissions. Sulfur recovery and ammonia recovery are the most important sulfur and nitrogen resource recovery processes. Ammonia flue gas desulfurization technology is an important sulfur and nitrogen resource recovery and utilization process, which can simultaneously recover and utilize of sulfur and nitrogen resources. The technology of cyclohexanone oxime(a byproduct of flue gas desulfurization), can realize high-grade resource utilization of byproducts, but ammonia escape and aerosol are still the focus of public attention. RASCO process and activated coke flue gas desulfurization process are important sulfur resource recovery processes. Flue gas denitrification process such as selective catalytic reduction(SCR) and low temperature ozonation(LoTOx) have not solved the problem of nitrogen resource recovery and utilization essentially.

关 键 词：石油炼制 硫 氮 资源化 硫分布及传递 硫及氮管理模型 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程]