代际“工作分享”的国际经验与中国展望  

International Experience and China’s Outlook for Intergenerational “Work Sharing”

作　　者：贺鹏皓 庞凤喜[2] HE Penghao;PANG Fengxi(School of Government Audit,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211899,Jiangsu Province,China;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430064,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学政府审计学院,江苏南京211899 [2]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2020年第11期67-79,共13页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“积极应对老龄化的公共财政、公共政策目标及其实现机制研究”(编号:18AJY024)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：随着人口老龄化程度的不断加深,老年人与青年人在就业领域的代际冲突日益显现。作为以解决失业问题为首要目标的就业促进政策,代际"工作分享"能够突破年龄上的歧视和偏见,顺应人口老龄化趋势,并发挥不同年龄群体的优势,进而促进整个社会的和谐与稳定发展。多年来,一些国家和地区采取了多种措施来促进代际"工作分享",在扩大就业规模,促进知识传递与互补升级,形成多元、包容的企业文化,实现工作生活平衡等方面发挥了积极作用。但问题的另一面是,试图通过政府干预,从而在竞争激烈的劳动力市场寻求和谐、折中、平衡的做法,也存在低效率、不确定、年龄歧视等无法克服的局限性。我国宜科学认识代际"工作分享"的作用机理,通过统筹兼顾,实现国家、企业、劳动者三者的利益平衡,依靠科技创新发展新兴产业、新职业、新型就业模式,实施积极财税扶持政策,完善老年人就业相关法律法规,构建促进老年人就业的援助体系等多种措施,积极应对人口快速老龄化对就业的影响。With the acceleration of population aging,intergenerational conflicts between the elderly and the young in terms of employment is increasingly apparent.As an employment promotion policy with the primary goal of solving the problem of unemployment,intergenerational"work sharing"can conform to the trend of population aging,break through age discrimination and prejudice,give full play to advantages of different groups,and promote social harmony and stability.Over the years,some countries and regions have taken a variety of measures to promote intergenerational"work sharing",which plays a positive role in expanding employment,promoting knowledge transfer,complementation and upgrading,forming a diversified and inclusive corporate culture,and achieving work-life balance.However,attempts to seek harmony,compromise,and balance in the highly competitive labor market through government intervention may also lead to low efficiency,uncertainty,ageism and other unavoidable problems.China need to understand the mechanism of intergenerational"work sharing"in a scientific way,and promote balance among the state,businesses and workers through overall planning.We should also develop emerging industries,new occupations and novel employment modes by way of technological innovation,implement positive fiscal and tax policies,improve relevant laws and regulations on employment of the elderly,and build an assistance system to promote senior employment and alleviate the impact of rapid population aging on employment.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 代际冲突 工作分享 老年人就业 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] C913.6[经济管理—国民经济]