1973-2011年中国大陆地区极端温度指数特征分析  

Characteristics of extreme temperature indices in China's Mainland from 1973 to 2011

作　　者：王雅芳 李艳[1] 马百胜[1] 路瑶[1] 张金玉 Wang Ya-fang;Li Yan;Ma Bai-sheng;Lu Yao;Zhang Jin-yu(College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院, 兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期774-784,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41775051)

摘　　要：根据1973-2011年中国大陆576个气象站点日最高、最低气温,利用RclimDex得到12个极端温度指数,与Hadley中心发布的极端温度指数全球历史气候网络逐日数据集(HadGHCND)进行对比.利用HadGHCND分析了中国大陆、欧洲和北美洲极端温度的时空分布特征.结果表明,HadGHCND在中国大陆地区适用性良好.空间分布中东部地区再现能力最好,冷指数表征效果更佳;时间变化与观测资料基本一致,冷暖指数在年代际和年内变化的表征效果均较好,年际变化暖指数更佳. 58%极端温度指数在北半球大陆地区呈南高北低的分布特点,其中暖指数在欧洲南部和青藏高原地区存在明显大值区,而冷指数在北美洲南部地区最大.年代际和年际变化方面,暖指数在北半球呈上升趋势,冷指数呈下降趋势.中国大陆地区极端温度指数的空间分布、年代际和年际变化与北半球其他区域一致,但年内变化差异较大,主要表现为极端温度指数大小值对应季节与北半球大陆其他区域不同,且趋势变化相反.12 extreme temperature indices were calculated by RclimDex, based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 576 stations in China's Mainland from 1973 to 2011 and compared with extreme temperature indices released by extreme temperature indices derived from Hadley centre global historical climatology network daily database(HadGHCND). On this basis, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of extreme temperature in China's Mainland, Europe and North America were analyzed with HadGHCND. The results showed that the HadGHCND had good applicability in China's Mainland. In terms of spatial distribution, the eastern region had the best reproducibility and the cold indices were better. The time variation characteristics were basically consistent with the observational data. The overall performance of the cold and warm indices in the interdecadal and intra-annual changes was good, while the cold indices were better than warm indices in interannual change. 58% of the extreme temperature indices in continental region in the Northern Hemisphere(NH) showed distribution as a higher value in the south regions and lower value in the north region, of which the warm indices were obviously the highest in the southern Europe and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the strongest cold indices were located in the southern North America. For the interdecadal and interannual variations, the warm indices increased in the NH while the cold indices decreased from 1973 to 2011. The spatial distribution, interdecadal and interannual variations of extreme temperature indices in China's Mainland were consistent with other regions in the NH, but the intra-annual variation characteristics were quite different. The difference was that the magnitude of the extreme temperature index in China's Mainland was different from that in other regions of the NH, and the trend changed inversely.

关 键 词：气候变化 极端温度 HadGHCND 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]