数字贸易发展水平与行业工资差距  

Digital Trade Development and Wage Gap among Industries

作　　者：马光明[1] Ma Guangming(School of International Trade and Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2022年第6期40-60,共21页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人民币国际化应对中美战略竞争的有效性及推进策略研究”(项目批准号:22BGJ025)的资助

摘　　要：数字贸易逐渐成为推动中国经济增长的新动力,但各行业数字技术应用程度不同,对雇用劳动者的技能需求与薪酬供给存在显著差异,数字贸易发展可能对行业工资差距产生显著影响。本文基于熵权法,从数字网络基础设施、数字技术、数字贸易方式、数字贸易对象和贸易潜力5个维度,构建了一个数字贸易发展评价体系,测度了2011-2020年30个省级地区的数字贸易发展水平,并采用省级地区行业之间工资水平的离散程度衡量行业工资差距。研究表明,近年数字贸易水平的提升显著扩大了行业工资差距;相对于东部地区来说,数字贸易发展对行业工资差距的扩大作用在中、西部地区更加明显;数字贸易发展导致的技能溢价对行业工资差距具有显著正向中介效应。政府近年大力发展数字经济与数字贸易的同时,应增加全体尤其是中、西部地区劳动者数字技术教育投入,提升劳动者技能与工资收入,避免行业工资差距进一步扩大。Digital trade has gradually become a new force driving China’s domestic economic development in recent years. However, the degree of adopting digital technology varies greatly across different industries, and there are also significant differences in skill demand and salary supply for employees and digital trade development may have significant impact on wage gap among industries. This paper constructed a digital trade development evaluation system based on entropy weight method covering 5 dimensions: digital network infrastructure, digital technology, digital trade mode, digital trade object, and trade potential. With the evaluation system, development level of digital trade is calculated in 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, and the wage gap is examined using dispersion of wage levels among industries across various provinces. Results show that the digital trade development has significantly enlarged the wage gap among industries during the study period, and the impact of the digital trade development on the wage gap among industries in the central and western regions are greater than that in the eastern region. Skill premium from the digital trade development has a positively mediating effect on the wage gap among industries. While the government has vigorously developed the digital economy and digital trade in recent years, government should also encourage investment in digital technology education for all employees to improve their skills and wages, especially in the central and western regions, to prevent the wage gap among industries from further widening.

关 键 词：数字贸易 数字经济 工资差距 中介效应 

分 类 号：F752.68[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.24[经济管理—产业经济]