妥善应对现于新冠肺炎疫情中“心理台风眼效应”的建议  

Proposals for Coping with “Psychological Typhoon Eye” Effect Detected in COVID-19

作　　者：许明星 郑蕊[1,2] 饶俪琳 匡仪[1,2] 杨舒雯 丁阳 李江龙 李纾 XU Mingxing;ZHENG Rui;RAO Lilin;KUANG Yi;YANG Shuwen;DING Yang;LI Jianglong;LI Shu(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Transportation,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,中国科学院行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100190 [4]福建工程学院交通运输学院,福州350118

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2020年第3期273-282,共10页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA358、18ZDA332);国家社会科学基金重点项目(16AZD058);国家自然科学基金(71771209).

摘　　要："心理台风眼效应"描述了民众在重大突发事件中的非理性恐慌心理和行为,是中国科学院心理研究所李纾及其团队在"5·12"汶川特大地震后发现并命名的现象。在2020年新冠肺炎疫情期间,调查身居5类疫情不同风险地区(极低风险地区、低风险地区、中风险地区、中高风险地区和高风险地区)的人群对于武汉市疫情的安全担忧和风险知觉,又发现了"心理台风眼效应",即:国外受测者反而比国内受测者对武汉市疫情表现出更多的安全担忧或害怕;随着所处地区风险水平的升高(从极低风险地区到极高风险地区),民众对武汉市疫情的风险知觉反而降低。也就是说,在空间上越接近高风险地点的民众心理越平静,越远离高风险地点的民众反而更对高风险地点的风险感到恐慌。基于"心理台风眼效应"的研究发现,提出4条有针对性的防范建议。"Psychological typhoon eye"(PTE)effect describes the public’s irrational panic and response to major emergencies.This phenomenon is reported and named by LI Shu and his colleagues after the Wenchuan earthquake.During the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020,we conducted a worldwide survey to investigate the safety concerns and risk perception of the COVID-19 epidemic from participants staying in five areas of different levels of risk(high-risk,moderate and high-risk,moderate-risk,low-risk,and very lowrisk areas).This effect appears to hold for COVID-19.Specifically,participants staying abroad showed more safety concerns or fears of the COVID-19 epidemic than participants staying in China.The people at zero distance were at the center of the PTE and were the most calm.On the basis of the cumulative findings on the PTE,we propose four targeted solutions for individuals and organizations with the power of discourse to improve the quality of risk communication and management.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎 心理台风眼效应 涟漪效应 安全担忧 风险知觉 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] C912.6[医药卫生—医学心理学]