“突现论”研究的三种立场  

Three Positions on “Emergentism”

作　　者：苏湛 王帅翔 SU Zhan;WANG Shuaixiang

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2020年第4期21-38,共18页Science & Culture Review

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金重点项目“大数据个性化知识的本体论意义与认识论价值研究”(项目编号:18AZX008)

摘　　要：通过分析了不同时期、不同哲学家对"突现"概念的不同理解和用法,着重讨论了这些哲学家引入"突现"概念所试图解决或说明的问题,进而指出,当前哲学界,尤其心灵哲学领域所使用的"突现"一词存在严重的歧义。根据是否承认突现现象存在和如何定义"突现"概念,可以区分出哲学家们对待"突现"概念的三种立场:(1)弱突现的突现论立场,即相信突现存在,并相信突现产生的原因可以由复杂系统动力学给出完全理性的解释;(2)强突现的突现论立场,即相信突现存在,但将其视为一种神秘的、根本上不可理解的现象;(3)强突现的反突现论立场,同样将突现定义为一种神秘和不可理解的现象,同时主张自然界不存在这样的现象,从而全面否认突现概念。This paper analyses the understandings and usages of the term"Emergence"by different philosophers in different periods.The discussion focuses on the question,what these philosophers tried to answer or illustrate by introducing the term"Emergence".It is pointed out that the term"Emergence"is ambiguous in Philosophy,especially Philosophy of Mind.There are three positions on"Emergentism"according to the answers to these two questions,whether Emergence exists and how Emergence should be defined.The first position is believing in Emergence and holding a weak emergence definition,that is to say,believing that Emergence could be reasonably explained by complex systematic dynamics.The second position is believing in Emergence and holding a strong emergence definition,that is to say,regarding Emergence as a mysterious and incomprehensible phenomenon.The third position is holding a strong emergence definition and rejecting Emergence,which also defines emergence as a mysterious and incomprehensible phenomenon,while maintains that there is no such phenomenon in nature,thus comprehensively denies the concept of emergence.

关 键 词：突现 强突现 弱突现 复杂系统突现论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]