牛顿与莱布尼茨相对立的时空观背后的动力学解释路径差异  

The Different Dynamics Paths Behind Newton’s and Leibniz’s Opposing Views on Space-time

作　　者：刘鹏 LIU Peng(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2023年第6期84-90,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“牛顿科学方法论文献编译及研究”(20BZX036);国家留学基金(202106040086)

摘　　要：牛顿认为时间与空间是绝对的和独立于事物的,与此相反,莱布尼茨的成熟看法是:时空作为关系,是相对的。两种观点相互对立的原因在于二人关于运动现象的动力学解释路径的差异。如果以“力”“运动”与“时空”三个概念的关系为线索,可发现:牛顿动力学中,“时空”先于“运动”,“运动”先于“力”;而对于莱布尼茨动力学,“力”先于“运动”,“运动”又先于“时空”。其自然的结果是:牛顿的时空作为原因,是绝对的;莱布尼茨的时空作为结果,是相对的派生概念。Newton embraced that space and time are absolute and independent of things,but for the mature philosophy of Leibniz,space and time are relations which are relative and derive from things.Their distinct dynamics,which bear opposite ways to explain phenomena of motion respectively,are responsible for different views of space-time.The relationships among force,motion,and space-time can give us insights into the differences between the two dynamics.Force is defined by motion which derives from space-time in Newton’s dynamics;On the contrary,Leibniz’s force is the most fundamental concept which is the reason or cause of motion,and motion brings about space-time.Based on the different explanations,space-time lays the foundation of Newton’s dynamics,and correspondingly,it is absolute and is prior to things and their movements;However,in Leibniz’s dynamics,force underpins motion,and space-time is the result of things and their motion as a derived concept.

关 键 词：牛顿 莱布尼茨 动力学 时空 运动 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]