经济动力学的内容、方法和意义——经济动力学与标准模型(Ⅰ)  

The Contents,Methods,and Significances of the Economic Dynamics——Economic Dynamics and the Standard Model(Ⅰ)

作　　者：杨英锐 Yingrui Yang(Department of Cognitive Science,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy,New York 12180,USA)

机构地区：[1]美国伦斯勒理工学院认知科学系

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2022年第5期92-121,共30页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：本文提出一个全新的经济学理论——经济动力学,是经济动力学系列文章的第一篇。这是一篇导论,分为四节。第一节论述经济动力学的方法和意义。经济动力学应用理论物理标准模型作为新的概念化与模型化参考框架,超越牛顿力学框架势在必然。第二节简要概述了经济动力学及其标准模型的内容,其中包括市场动力学与其量子电动力学模型,两者共享U(1)对称群;亚经济动力学与其量子色动力学模型,两者共享SU(3)对称群;经济外部性动力学与其同位旋动力学模型,两者共享SU(2)对称群;普通理性机制与其希格斯机制模型,两者都造成自发对称破缺。另外,通过对帕累托效率的分析,概述了经济引力与其广义相对论模型。第三节为经济动力学提供三种必要的基础理论准备,详述科学观测论,经济学理性论和货币钱性论。科学观测论首先为经验科学引入观测方向性概念,为交叉学科观测提供了共享的正交标架,称为正交原理。由引入观测干扰度概念,区分了高干扰度象限与低干扰度象限,对应不同的数学路径,称为对角线法则。量子物理,高阶认知与经济前向观测同处高干扰度区,同属冯诺伊曼“是—否”类实验范围,适用相同数学刻画。经济学理性论在决策论框架下,定义了经济理性(人)、有限理性和普通理性三种经济学理性论,并定义了每种理性论在市场动力学的规范场论模型中的位置。经济理性是完美竞争市场的拟人化刻画,前者是全局规范势,而后者是全局规范场强。有限理性刻画的是具体市场参与人,前者是局域规范势,而后者的市场表现是局域规范场强。普通理性是市场基态,具有希格斯场的性质,并具备希格斯机制的功能,造成市场自发对称破缺。货币钱性论首先论证了其具有市场类光性,从而建立了货币钱性的狭义相对论模型。这是在市场动力学中应用规�As an introduction,this article is the first in a series about a new economic theory called Economic Dynamics(Econ-dynamics).This article is composed of four sections,with the first discussing the significance and methods of econ-dynamics.Econ-dynamics applies the standard model of theoretical physics as a new conceptualization and modeling,so is inevitable to go beyond Newtonian framework.The second section provides a brief overview of Econ-dynamics,specifically gauge symmetries,in the standard model framework,beginning with the U(1)symmetry group shared by market dynamics and quantum electrodynamics.It also contains the SU(3)summary shared by the sub-econ dynamics and the quantum chromodynamics,and SU(2)symmetry shared by economic externality dynamics and the isospin dynamics.Interlinked with the gauge symmetries,the Ordinary Rationality mechanism,represented by the Higgs mechanism,causes spontaneous symmetry breaking.In addition,outside of standard models,the analysis of Pareto Efficiency outlines economic gravity and its general relativity.The third section provides the three necessary basic theoretical preparations for econ-dynamics:the detailing of scientific observational theory,rationality theories in economics,and the currency-money theory.The scientific observational theory introduces the concept of observational directionality to empirical science and provides a shared framework for interdisciplinary scientific observations.This is the orthogonal principle for the framework.By introducing a notion of disturbance in scientific observation,we can distinguish between the high-disturbance quadrant and the low-disturbance quadrant,each corresponding to a different mathematical path.This is called the diagonal rule.Quantum physics,higherorder cognition and economic forward observation are all located in the high-disturbance quadrant.All belong to the“yes-no”type of experimentation by von Neumann.These share the same mathematical path.Within the decision theoretic framework,three economic rationality theo

关 键 词：经济动力学 标准模型 规范场论 全局性 局域性 规范对称群 对称破缺 观测论 理性论 钱性论 

分 类 号：F069.9[经济管理—政治经济学]