砗磲人工繁育、资源恢复与南海岛礁生态牧场建设  

Artificial Breeding, Resources Restoration of Giant Clams and Its Utilization in Marine Ranching Development of South China Sea

作　　者：喻子牛[1] YU Ziniu(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301

出　　处：《科技促进发展》2020年第2期231-236,共6页Science & Technology for Development

摘　　要：南海珊瑚岛礁是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,是区域特色海洋和渔业生物资源及其多样性的保障。砗磲是珊瑚岛礁的构成物种,具有优良的造礁、固护礁功能,并为其它岛礁生物提供栖息地、繁育和庇护场所;近20多年来,在人类活动和全球环境变化影响下,砗磲及珊瑚等岛礁生物资源受到比较严重的破坏,其岛礁生态牧场天然参与者和构建者的功能受损明显。我们突破砗磲幼虫虫黄藻植入难点和变态率极低的瓶颈问题,率先在成功研发了砗磲规模化人工繁育和中培技术,并进行了放流增殖试验,取得了良好的效果。但砗磲及珊瑚等生物资源情况依然严峻,期望今后开展更系统、科学、更大规模的基于砗磲、珊瑚及其它重要礁栖生物放流增殖的生态牧场构建,全面恢复南海珊瑚岛礁的生态环境和生物资源,推动南海的可持续发展。The islands and reefs are parts of the marine ecosystem in the South China Sea,and is a safeguard of the regional marine/fisheries resources and their diversity.As strong reef builder and guard,giant clams are constructed species in this system,providing habitats,breeding sites and shelter for many other creatures.Under influences of Anthropogenic factors and global environmental changes in the past two decades,however,giant clams and corals etc.have suffered seriously,greatly losing its function as islands and reefs builder.With the breakthrough of low zooxanthelle seeding into larvae and low metamorphosis rate,we are the first one in the mainland of China to successfully made artificial breeding,juvenile culture of giant clams on a large scale,and as well as a series of restocking trials.Still,we face serious situations in terms of giant clams and corals resources,and hope we will develop giant clams,corals and other reefs-living creatures based islands and reefs sea ranching,in much more larger scale and advanced level in the future,promoting the rejuvenation of eco-environment and biological resources,sustainable development in the South China Sea.

关 键 词：珊瑚岛礁生态牧场 砗磲 规模化人工繁育和中培 生态环境和生物资源恢复 南海 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]