论中美制苏安全协调关系的缘起、内涵及其历史影响(1971—1977)——以温斯顿·洛德档案为中心  

Origin,Definition and Historical Influence of Sino⁃US Security Coordination Relationship Concerning USSR(1971-1977)——Based on the Winston Lord Archives

作　　者：忻怿 Xin Yi(School of History and Culture,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2022年第5期96-109,共14页Military History Research

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金青年项目“美国对华安全战略研究(1969—2001)”(21CSS002);2020年教育部高校国别和区域研究项目“中美战略稳定评估”(2020G35);2021年陕西师范大学“一带一路”专项科研项目(21YDYLYB002)

摘　　要：20世纪70年代初,苏联对华威慑日甚,为避免苏联摧垮中国、获得麦金德式霸权,尼克松政府借助“联华制苏”战略,助推美苏关系“缓和”,据此构建五大力量中心稳态。本文基于温斯顿·洛德原始档案,界定“中美制苏安全协调关系”并解析其内涵,探究中美在安全领域的战略互动及其牵引下的冷战转型。鉴于毛泽东对联美外交施加限制,1977年前中美制苏安全协调关系以局部战略协调而非全面战略合作为特色,具有权宜之计而非战略之锚特性。同期,中美就三大议题实现历史性切割,并在四大维度形成配合与分歧共存的独特协调态势。中美针对安全议题的频繁互动,两国就地缘热点的政策协调,美国默许西欧首开对华军售以及美欧联合“有限武装扶华战略”等,一同构成中美制苏安全协调关系的核心内容,共促两国现实主义外交革命,助推了亚洲冷战的基本终结。中美制苏安全协调关系为20世纪80年代初对苏“新冷战”条件下两国搭建“初步战略关系”铺垫了必要准备,这一关系与美苏战略“缓和”反向联动,是助推全球冷战落幕的重要动因,亦构成新中国参与冷战转型的核心叙事。In the early 1970s,the Soviet Union's threat to China was increasing.The Nixon administration carried out the strategy of“alliance with China to contain the Soviet Union”,with the intent to prevent the latter from destroying China and to gain the hegemony of Eurasia,and then to promote the“Détente”between US and USSR.Based on analysis of Winston Lord's original archives,this article specifically illustrates the definition of“Sino⁃US security coordination relationship con⁃cerning USSR”.It explores the strategic interaction between China and US in security fields,and the fundamental transition of global Cold War.In view of Mao Zedong's restrictions on Sino⁃US relations,Sino⁃US security coordination relationship was characterized by partial strategic coordination rather than comprehensive strategic cooperation.When the PRC and US were developing security coordination relationship,they made a historic cutting on three strategic issues and formed a unique situa⁃tion of coordination and coexistence of differences in four dimensions.Frequent Sino⁃US interactions on security issues,policy coordination on geopolitical hot spots,US acquiescence of Western Europe's first arms sales to China and the US⁃Europe joint“limited support strategy”constituted the core content of the Sino⁃US security coordination relationship,promoting the realis⁃tic diplomatic revolution of the two countries,and contributing to the end of the Cold War in Asia.The Sino⁃US security coor⁃dination relationship concerning the Soviet Union paved the way for the establishment of the“preliminary strategic relation⁃ship”between the two countries in the early 1980s.This relationship,in reverse linkage with the strategic“Détente”between US and USSR,was an important driving force for the end of the global Cold War,and also constituted the core narrative of the PRC's participation in the Cold War transformation.

关 键 词：冷战 美苏“缓和” 中美关系 中美制苏安全协调关系 毛泽东 尼克松政府 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] E297[历史地理—中国史]