美国海外驻军地位协定体系的形成、特点及影响  

Formation,Characteristics and Influence of the US’s SOFA System

作　　者：李伯军 Li Bojun(School of Law,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi 541004)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2022年第2期89-100,共12页Military History Research

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金一般项目“海外非战争军事行动的国际法律问题研究”(20BGJ012)

摘　　要：二战结束前后,美国在海外已建立起一个巨大的军事基地网络,并派驻有大量军队。1951年,为了维护海外驻军的地位、利益和安全,并为其开展相关军事行动提供国际法律依据,美国以集体安全的名义在北大西洋公约的基础上缔结了《北约驻军地位协定》。以该协定为蓝本,美国又与许多国家通过谈判订立了大量有关美国海外驻军地位的双边协定,从而最终形成了美国海外驻军地位协定体系。这些驻军地位协定对于美国海外驻军人员的特权与豁免以及管辖权等问题都做出了全面的安排。相对于其它类型的国际条约,美国海外驻军地位协定体系具有其特有的非独立性、非平等性特点,它促成了美国与有关国家在霸权、主权、法律与安全方面的合法交易,且对现有国际条约体系、联合国集体安全制度以及国家主权原则都产生了重要而深远的影响。By the end of World War II,the United States had established a considerable network of military bases and stationed a large number of military personnel overseas.In 1951,in order to maintain the status,interests and security of its overseas troops and to provide an international legal framework for military operations,the US,in the name of collective security,concluded the NATO Status of Forces Agreement(SOFA)on the basis of the North Atlantic Treaty.With this agreement,the US negotiated with many countries and concluded a large number of bilateral Status of Forces Agreements,eventually forming the SOFA system for US troops stationed abroad.These SOFAs have made comprehensive arrangements for the privileges,immunities and jurisdiction of US overseas troops.Compared with other types of international treaties,the SOFA system for US oversea troops has its unique characteristics of non-independence and non-equality.It serves to facilitate the“legal”transactions between the US and countries concerned in terms of hegemony,sovereignty,law and security,casting an important and far-reaching impact on the existing international treaty system,the UN collective security system and the principles of state sovereignty.

关 键 词：冷战 美国 海外军事基地 驻军地位协定 治外法权 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]