国民党退据台湾初期对军队政治工作的反思与重建  

KMT’s Reflection on and Reconstruction of Army Political Work in Early 1950s

作　　者：郭洋[1] Guo Yang(Center for the History of Republican China,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2020年第2期87-97,共11页Military History Research

摘　　要：国民党败退台湾后,全面检讨军事失败原因,决定重建军队政工制度,强化对军队的控制。将"国防部"政工局改组为政治部,各级部队均设立了政治机构。颁布了《"国军"政治工作纲领》,以提高政工组织的地位,扩大政工干部职权,改进政工制度与业务,军队政治工作下沉到基层及每一位官兵。面对岛内一些反对声音和美国军事顾问团的压力,蒋氏父子虽对政工制度做了一些调整,但始终未放弃政工制度。政工制度在台湾的白色恐怖中助推了蒋介石在军中的个人崇拜。从长时段与大历史的角度来看,历史发展的巨大偶然性,使国民党及蒋氏势力在台湾得以残存。After it was forced to retreat to Taiwan,the KMT conducted an overall review of the causes of its military failure and decided to strengthen control of the military by rebuilding the military political work system.The Political Work Bureau under the"Ministry of National Defense"was reorganized into Political Department,and troops at all levels established corresponding political institutions.The"National Army"Political Work Program was promulgated to improve the status of political work organizations,the authority of political workers and system of political work.The military political work reached down to the grassroots units and went out to every serviceman.Confronted with opposition in Taiwan and pressure from the US military Adviser Corps,the Jiangs made some adjustments to the political work system,but never gave it up.The political work system promoted Chiang Kai-shek’s personality cult in the military in the white terror of Taiwan.It was the chance of historical development that enabled the influence of Kuomintang and the power of the Jiangs to survive in Taiwan.

关 键 词：军队政工 国民党 蒋介石 蒋经国 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]