身份转化与工作福利:越战退伍军人高等教育资助政策(1966—1977)  

Identity Transformation and Workfare: US Federal Government’s Higher Education Funding Policy for Vietnam War Veterans(1966—1977)

作　　者：王丽 Wang Li(School of Marxism,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学马克思主义学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2019年第5期87-98,共12页Military History Research

摘　　要：越南战争结束前后,退伍军人安置问题成为美国联邦政府难以回避的政治任务,它关乎美国国家与社会的稳定。为破解这一难题,美国联邦政府在继承前届政府政策的基础上,针对越战退伍军人就业所面临的问题,秉持"工作福利"理念,通过高等教育资助政策提高退伍军人在就业市场上的竞争力,这一政策对帮助越战退伍军人实现身份转化,促进他们就业产生了积极效果,为美国社会稳定转型与国家有序治理提供条件。但国民价值观的冲突、特殊利益之间的博弈等原因则造成政策改革的历程漫长曲折、充满争议,亦深刻影响着以后历届政府的退伍军人安置政策。With the close of the Vietnam War,the issue of how to place the veterans became an unavoidable political task for the US federal government.It had a lot to do with the stability of the whole country and society.On the whole,the US government followed the policies of the previous administration,and in order to solve the problem of employment for the Vietnam War veterans,special higher education funding policy for veterans was formulated,aiming to increase their competitiveness in the job market.This policy helped the veterans to achieve identity transformation and provided them with workfare.It was also beneficial for the stable transformation of American society and the orderly governance of the country.However,because of the conflicts of national values and the game between special interests,the policy reform was full of controversy,its course became long and tortuous,and the placement policy for veterans for successive administrations was profoundly affected.

关 键 词：越战退伍军人 工作福利 高等教育资助政策 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]