土地比较优势、农户行为与农业生产效率——来自种植结构调整的考察  

Land Comparative Advantage, Farmer Behavior and Agricultural Productivity:A Study on the Adjustment of Planting Structure

作　　者：盖庆恩[1] 王美知 石宝峰[2] 史清华[3] GAI Qingen;WANG Meizhi;SHI Baofeng;SHI Qinghua(Institute of Finance and Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University;Antai College of Economics&Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所,200433 [2]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,712100 [3]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,200030

出　　处：《经济研究》2022年第10期138-155,共18页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71873103,71973094,72073087,72173096);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD077);上海市社科规划课题(2020BJL001)的资助

摘　　要：土地比较优势是农户作物选择的基础,政策调整会影响土地比较优势的发挥,并进一步改变农户行为和农业生产效率。本文以种植结构调整为例,从土地比较优势出发构建模型,刻画农户作物选择的内在机理,分析和评估不同调整策略对农户种植行为和农业生产效率的影响。结果表明:相比直接行政干预,采用价格调整、补贴等市场化调整方式更加有效,同时政策实施对农户的产出和收入存在异质性影响。在实践中,种植结构调整一方面要注重市场机制的运用,另一方面需要密切关注政策调整对农户的异质性影响,精准施策。Food security plays an important role in economic and social development.Since the reform and opening-up in 1978,Chinese government has implemented a series of policies to motivate grain production,stabilize the grain market,and ensure food security,and an agricultural regulation system has been gradually built.Since 2004,Chinese government has removed the controls on the grain purchase market and purchase price,and implemented the minimum purchase price policy and the temporary purchase and storage policy for some crops in their main production regions.In 2014,the temporary purchase and storage policy for soybeans and cotton was replaced by the target price policy.In 2016,the temporary purchase and storage policy for corn was removed,and the new policy allowed the price of corn to be determined by market while the producers of corn received subsidy from the government.These policies have impacted farmers’planting behaviors,grain production structures,and spatial distributions of grain production.However,it is unclear how and to what extent the frequent policy adjustments have affected farmers’production decisions,their income,and the production efficiency.Investigating the relationship between different policy changes and farmers’production decisions and production efficiency is important for exploring the mechanisms for policies to take effect and evaluating policy effects.It also has important implications for deepening the supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector and consolidating the foundation of food security.This paper uses the corn reduction policy delivered in the sickle-shaped region(which includes the cold and cool area in northeast China,the interlacing area of agriculture and animal husbandry in the north,the arid area of wind-blown sand in the northwest,the area along the Taihang Mountains and the rocky desertification area in the southwest)in 2015 as an example to study the impacts of policy adjustments on farmers’behaviors and agricultural production efficiency.In reality,

关 键 词：比较优势 作物选择 价格调整 补贴 政策评估 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济] F321.1F323.6