美国的膜拜教团问题及其应对立场与方式  

Reflections on the Challenges of Cult and its Solutions in USA

作　　者：董江阳[1] DONG Jiangyang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教所

出　　处：《基督宗教研究》2022年第1期527-544,共18页Study of Christianity

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“英美加政教关系模式比较研究”(19BZJ004)阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国历来就是宗教自由市场和新宗教试验田。各种膜拜教团或新兴宗教,在美国社会呈现出最为充分、活跃和多样化的发展形态。美国政府在处理膜拜教团问题上遵循的政教分离式中立原则,就是尽量避免将所谓膜拜团体或新兴宗教问题政治化,尽量不通过政治方式对一个宗教膜拜团体进行真伪优劣、正邪对错的定性,因为这既不在政府授权也不在政府能力范围内。采用法制法律途径,而不是政治或群众运动方式,来应对所谓膜拜教团问题,有利于使复杂而棘手的问题简单化和常态化,有利于保护公民权利和维护社会稳定。As a“free market of beliefs”or“hotbed of new religions”,the US society shows the most full,active,and diversified development pattern of cultism,and therefore obtaining a lot of lessons of dealing with this problem.First of all,following the principle of separation of church and state,the US government always tries to keep neutral in this area and avoid politicizing the so-called cult problem.The adoption of rule of law and legal approaches,rather than political or mass movement methods,to deal with the cult problem is conducive to simplifying and normalizing this very complicated and tricky problem,and is conducive to protecting human rights and maintaining social stability.

关 键 词：膜拜教团 教派 新兴宗教 反膜拜教团 美国政教关系 

分 类 号：B989.3[哲学宗教—宗教学]