濒危物种边境保护涉《物种证明》监管难题剖析及建议——从一宗行政复议案件说起  

Analysis and Suggestions on the Regulatory Difficulties Regarding“Species Certification”in Border Protection of Endangered Species--Starting from an Administrative Reconsideration Case

作　　者：沈红宇 张心 李硕 SHEN Hongyu;ZHANG Xin;LI Shuo

机构地区：[1]深圳海关法规处 [2]深圳海关法规处复议应诉科 [3]深圳海关综合业务处贸易管制科

出　　处：《海关法评论》2022年第1期513-521,共9页Review of Customs Law

摘　　要：打击濒危物种走私违法活动是海关重点执法领域之一,如何在这一领域既保持从严打击高压态势又区分情形准确规范履职,是新时期海关全面提升治理能力和治理水平现代化所面临的考验。近期,一宗行政复议案件反映出海关在实施濒危物种边境保护过程中存在涉及《物种证明》的一系列监管难题,这些难题制约了上述双重目标的实现。经剖析,这些监管难题源于立法、制度、机制等不同层面的缺失。为此,建议在立法层面修订完善“濒危物种”定义并建立诚信通关原则;在制度层面清理不必要的证明事项并明确归类规则;在机制层面建立海关与濒管部门“互联网+”深度协调联动机制、监管代码及许可证件公布机制,为海关依法加强濒危物种进出境监管、构建法治化营商环境提供保障。Combating the illegal cross-border activities involving endangered species is one of the key areas of Customs enforcement.How to severely crack down this kind of illegal activities while also accurately performing duties according to the situation is a test for China Customs,in the new era which requires comprehensive improvement of governance capability.Recently,an administrative reconsideration case reveals that the Customs have a series of difficulties when regulation involves“Species Certificate”,and this restricts the realization of the“severe but accurate”goal.These regulatory difficulties stem from the deficiencies at the legislative,institutional and mechanism levels.Therefore,it is recommended to revise the definition of“endangered species”and to establish the principle of credit-based clearance at the legislative level;to remove unnecessary certification matters and to clarify the classification rules at the institutional level;to establish an“Internet+”in-depth coordination between the Customs and the endangered species authority and to publish regulation codes,and corresponding license requirements through legally binding forms.These measures would feasiblely and practically help China Customs to strengthen the border protection of endangered species under the principle of the rule of law,and to improve the legal business environment.

关 键 词：濒危物种监管 物种证明 行政复议 法治化营商环境 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.221[政治法律—法学]