走私人类遗传资源材料罪若干问题初探  

A Probe into Problems of Smuggling Human Genetic Resources

作　　者：张严锋 ZHANG Yanfeng

机构地区：[1]上海峰京律师事务所

出　　处：《海关法评论》2022年第1期339-352,共14页Review of Customs Law

摘　　要：我国《生物安全法》生效实施的背景之下,生物安全被明确纳入国家安全监管体系,人类遗传资源管理作为生物安全监管体系的重要一环受到广泛关注。走私人类遗传资源材料罪设定为情节犯,在其所保护的法益遭受实害或者存在实害危险的情况下予以保护,体现了刑法对人类遗传资源安全的保障。刑法不仅仅是基本法,更是一种保障法,应当寻求实现保障生物安全和技术发展之间的价值平衡,但这种保障平衡的实现,仅仅靠刑法是不能顺利完成的,应当结合其他法律法规,充分发挥法律体系的价值和功能。走私人类遗传资源材料的当事人虽然违反了前置法,但是违法并不等同于对相关刑法所调整的法益造成侵害,应当从形式、实质等全面判断是否确实存在法益侵害性;若没有,就完全没有必要给予刑事惩罚,如此可以体现刑法作为保障法的谦抑性。Under the background of the effective implementation of the Biosafety Law,biosafety has been explicitly incorporated into the national security supervision system,and human genetic resources management,as an important part of the biosafety supervision system,has been a wide concern.The crime of smuggling human genetic resources is set as a plot crime,and the protection of the legal interests it protects reflects the guarantee of the safety of human genetic resources under the criminal law when there is real harm or danger of real harm.Criminal law is not only a basic law,but also a kind of guarantee law,which should seek to achieve the value balance between guaranteeing biosafety and technological development.However,the guarantee balance cannot be achieved by criminal law alone.It should combine with other laws and regulations to give full play to the value and function of the legal system.In such cases,although the party concerned violated the prior law,the violation is not equivalent to the infringement on legal interest protected by the criminal law.It should be determined from form and substance to decide whether the infringement has really occurred.If not,criminal punishment should not be imposed,which can reflect the tolerance principle of the criminal law as a guarantee law.

关 键 词：生物安全 走私人类遗传资源材料罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]