环境犯罪中新生态中心主义法益观之提倡  

The promotion of the new ecocentrism of legal interest in environmental crime

作　　者：刘梦 LIU Meng(School of law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京211189

出　　处：《海大法律评论》2022年第1期533-552,共20页SMU Law Review

摘　　要：关于环境犯罪的保护法益,存在人类中心主义的法益观、生态中心主义的法益观以及两者的折中主义法益观。人类中心主义法益观坚持“人本逻辑”,以人类法益作为环境犯罪定罪量刑的唯一标准,造成司法实践环境犯罪治理的过分迟延;生态中心主义法益观具有理论价值与现实意义,但单纯强调生态法益的“物本逻辑”,以生态法益作为环境犯罪定罪量刑的唯一标准颠倒了环境犯罪立法的手段与目的。目前的折中主义法益观仍是人本逻辑的立场,往往有意无意地滑向人类中心主义。我国应当构建新生态中心主义的法益观:以生态中心主义法益观为基础,兼顾生态法益与人类法益。以污染环境罪为例,通过生态法益的实质考量、因果关系推定规则的适用、人类法益受损害作为结果加重事由,新生态中心主义法益观既可以合理构建环境犯罪的入罪边界,也能够精准把握环境犯罪的量刑幅度。As for the legal interests of environmental crime,there are three kinds of legal interests:anthropocentrism,ecocentrism and eclecticism.Anthropocentrism adheres to“human-oriented logic”and takes human legal interests as the only criterion for conviction and sentencing of environmental crimes,resulting in excessive delay in the judicial practice of environmental crime governance.Ecocentrism has theoretical value and practical significance,but it only emphasizes the“material logic”of ecological legal interest,and takes ecological legal interest as the only standard of environmental crime conviction and sentencing,which reverses the means and purpose of environmental crime legislation.At present,eclecticism is still the standpoint of human-oriented logic,and it often slips to anthropocentrism intentionally or unconsciously.China should build a new ecocentrism that is based on ecocentrism,giving consideration to both ecological legal interests and human legal interests.Taking the crime of polluting the environment as an example,through the consideration of the essence of ecological legal interest,the application of the rule of presumption of causality,and the damage of human legal interest as the aggravating cause,the new ecocentrism can not only reasonably construct the boundary of environmental crime,but also accurately grasp the sentencing range of environmental crime.

关 键 词：环境犯罪 人类中心主义 生态中心主义 新生态中心主义 污染环境罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]