航运强国背景下船员集体合同制度的适用困境与优化路径——兼评《中国船员集体协议》  

Application Dilemma and Optimization Path of Seafarers'Collective Contract System under the Background of Shipping Power—Comments on Collective Agreement of Chinese Seafarers

作　　者：吴鹏飞 袁浩为 WU Pengfei;YUAN Haowei(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海大法律评论》2022年第1期63-80,共18页SMU Law Review

摘　　要：航运业发展离不开船员的辛劳付出,但海上劳动关系较为特殊,加之我国相关法律规范不完善,致使船员劳动权益未能获得有效保障。国际上普遍接受由海员工会和船东组织通过开展集体协商,签订集体合同的方式来调整海上劳动关系。国内船员行业工会目前签订有《中国船员集体协议》,以贯彻《2006年海事劳工公约》,树立全行业劳动保障标准。但就目前而言,其内容仍有不足之处,且我国还存有工会职能不清、集体合同争议解决途径不明等问题,导致船员维权之路困难重重。对此,我国应构建专门法律规范体系,尽快完善《中国船员集体协议》,同时重新定位工会职能,明确争议解决方式,使船员集体合同制度得以优化,更好地保护船员合法权益,吸引航运人才,助推航运强国建设。The development of the shipping industry is inseparable from the hard work of the seafarers,but the maritime labor relations are special,and the relevant legal norms in China are not perfect,which leads to the lack of effective protection of the labor rights and interests of the seafarers.It is generally accepted internationally that seafarers'unions and shipowners'organizations adjust maritime labour relations through collective consultations and collective contracts.The National Committee of the Chinese seaman has now signed a Collective Agreement of Chinese Seafarers to implement the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 and establish industry-wide labor security standards.However,at present,there are still deficiencies in its content,and there are still some problems,such as unclear functions of trade unions and unclear solutions to collective contract disputes,which lead to the difficulty of protecting the rights of seafarers.In this regard,our government should build a special legal norm system,and improve the Collective Agreement of Chinese Seafarers as soon as possible,reposition the functions of trade unions,clarify the way of dispute settlement,and optimize the collective contract system of seafarers,so as to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of seafarers,attract shipping talents,and promote the strategic construction of shipping power.

关 键 词：航运强国战略 船员劳动保障 集体合同制度 中国船员集体协议 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]