反思与出路:中国信托财产独立的正当性基础检讨  

Reflection and Way Forward:A Review of the Legitimacy Basis for the Independence of Trust Property in China

作　　者：戴国朴 DAI Guo-pu(School of Humanity and Law,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学文法学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第11期107-127,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“生态损害赔偿金信托法律问题研究”(20BFX128)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：信托财产独立是信托制度的核心特征。信托财产独立在英美法系“双重所有权”体系下顺理成章,但在大陆法系物权体系下不具有正当性。不论是信托财产公示,还是信托财产确定性,或者其他解释理论,都不能在大陆法系法律框架内证成信托财产之独立性。在我国,虽然可以通过制定法强行规定信托财产具有独立性,但无法强制普通民众、司法机关在心理与行动上接受并认可。由此造成信托制度存在信任危机,信托实务、司法与立法之间脱节,民事信托不彰,司法机关规避适用信托法条文。信托财产独立的正当性缺失不改信托制度在包括我国在内的大陆法系法域之必要性与重要性,唯应吸收借鉴英美法系信托制度发展之目的导向个案模式,通过信托实务、司法与学术研究之良性互动,以实践为导向推进信托法律续造,实现信托法制与大陆法系固有法制之动态平衡与协调发展。The independence of trust property is the core feature of the trust system.The independence of trust property is natural under the“dual ownership”system of the common law system,but it is not legitimate under the property rights system of the Civil Law System.Neither the disclosure of trust property,nor the certainty of trust property,nor other interpretation theories can prove the independence of trust property within the legal framework of the civil law system.In China,although the independence of trust property can be mandated through statutory law,ordinary people and judicial authorities cannot be forced to accept and recognize it psychologically and behaviorally.This has resulted in a crisis of trust in the trust system,a disconnect between trust practice,judiciary and legislation,a lack of civil trust,and judicial authorities evading the application of trust law provisions.The lack of legitimacy of the independence of trust property does not change the necessity and importance of the trust system in the Civil Law System.It should only absorb and learn from the purpose-oriented case model of the development of the trust system in the Anglo-American Legal System,and through the positive interaction between trust practice,judiciary and academic research,Promote trust law renewal with a practice-oriented approach and realize the dynamic balance and coordinated development of the trust legal system and the inherent legal system of the Civil Law System.

关 键 词：信托财产 独立性 公示性 确定性 正当性 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学]