论诈骗罪的未遂犯  

The Attempted Crime of Fraud:A Discussion

作　　者：付立庆[1] FU Li-qing(Research Center for Criminal Justice,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第11期22-39,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“数字经济时代财产安全的刑法保障研究”(23JJD820005)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：根据司法解释规定,“数额较大”场合的诈骗未遂不处罚而“数额巨大”的场合则需要处罚,对该罪未遂的研究具有直接意义。欠缺欺骗行为或者属于不能犯的场合,都不成立诈骗未遂;中立帮助行为是否成立诈骗罪需要限缩性讨论。狭义的权利行使行为一般不成立诈骗罪,所有权人采用欺骗方法骗回财物的场合也不成立诈骗罪。未提出交付要求的欺骗行为也可能例外地肯定“着手”,各种具体类型诈骗的着手标准需要分别判断。诈骗罪的既遂标准应采取“取得加损害说”,处分行为并未导致行为人一方取得财产的场合,更可能被评价为诈骗未遂。在实行着手后犯罪既遂之前,成立诈骗未遂包括多种不同情形。而对诈骗未遂的处罚,也要避免重复评价。According to judicial interpretations,attempted fraud involving“relatively large amounts”is not punishable,whereas cases involving“large amounts”are subject to penalties.This has direct significance for the study of attempted fraud in such cases.Cases lacking deceitful conduct or involving an impossible offense do not constitute attempted fraud.Whether neutral assistance constitutes fraud requires a restrictive discussion.Narrowly defined rights exercise generally does not constitute fraud,and when an owner uses deceit to retrieve their property,it is also not considered fraud.Deceptive conduct without a demand for delivery may,in some cases,exceptionally be considered as“commencement”of the crime.The standard for determining the commencement of different types of fraud needs to be assessed separately.The standard for the completion of fraud should adopt the“acquisition plus harm”theory.When the act of disposition does not result in the perpetrator acquiring property,it is more likely to be considered attempted fraud.After the commencement of the act but before the completion of the crime,various circumstances can constitute attempted fraud.When penalizing attempted fraud,care must be taken to avoid redundant evaluations.

关 键 词：不能犯 权利行使 着手 取得加损害 未遂犯 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学]