宋代民事审判中“情理观”的类案解读  

A Similar Cases Interpretation of the Concept of“Human Feelings and Reasons”in Civil Trials in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：张文勇[1] ZHANG Wen-yong(Research Center of Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河北法学》2024年第7期148-162,共15页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度重大项目“习近平法治思想中的民生保障理论研究”(21&ZD190);国家社会科学基金2020年度重点项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20AZD028);国家社会科学基金2018年度后期资助项目“宋代地方民事审判研究”(2018FFX058)

摘　　要：“情理观”深刻影响着宋代民事审判,以往学者更多从哲学或者原理、原则角度进行诠释,运用《名公书判清明集》中较为典型的案例,力图从类案角度予以解读。《名公书判清明集》中宋代民事审判案例可分为:一是主要涉及财产关系的“田宅”案件、“钱债”案件;二是主要涉及人身关系的继承案件、婚姻案件;三是与家族伦理密切相关的亲属间争讼案件。从宋代类案审判实践中可以发现,虽然宋代对于情理的认识是大体一致的,具有一定的普适性,即仁爱、遵法、重礼、重伦理亲情等的秩序观。但是落实到不同的类案中,又表现出一定的差异或侧重,比如母子兄弟伦理亲情是亲属间争讼中非常重要的考量因素,而钱债案件中债务人极端贫困的经济状况也会成为影响判决结果的重要因素,如是种种,呈现出一种“理一分殊”的独特面貌。宋代民事审判的最终目的是实现当时历史语境下情理和法律的平衡与公平公正的实现。当代中国应认真对待情理,借鉴古代司法中的智慧与经验,为实现当代中国的司法公平公正提供自己的中国方案。In the Song Dynasty,“Human feelings and Reasons”affected the civil trials deeply.This essay is an attempt to study“Human feelings and Reasons”in civil trials through the similiar cases in the Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming Ji.The civil trial cases in the Song Dynasty can be divided into:one is the property case and the debt case,the other is the inheritance cases and the marriage cases,and the third is the disputes between relatives,especially family members.From the civil trials of similar cases in Song Dynasty,it can be found that the understanding of“Human feelings and Reasons”in Song Dynasty is generally consistent,it has a certain universality,that is,the view of benevolence,compliance with the law,valuing rites,valuing ethical family.However,when implemented in different types of simlliar cases,certain differences or emphasis are shown.For example,the huaman feelings of mother and son as well as feelings of siblings is a very important factor to be considered in lawsuits between relatives,and the extreme poverty of the debtors was an important factor affecting the judgment result in debt cases.The ultimate goal of civil trial in Song Dynasty is to realize the balance of“human feelings and reasons”and law,and the realization of fairness and justice in the Song historical context.Contemporary China should take the“human feelings and Reasons”seriously,learn the wisdom and experience of ancient judicature,and provide its own Chinese plan for the realization of judicial fairness and justice in contemporary China.

关 键 词：宋代 民事审判 情理观 《名公书判清明集》 类案 

分 类 号：DF09[政治法律—法学理论]