《民法典》双重担保观的体系效应与限制——以第428条的目的性限缩为例  

The System Effect and Restriction of the Double Guarantee View in the Civil Code——Take the purposeful limitation of Article 428 as an example

作　　者：季立刚[1] 潘子怡 JI Li-gang;PAN Zi-yi(School of Law,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《河北法学》2022年第6期20-45,共26页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：2020年度国家留学基金委项目(留金欧{2020}596号)

摘　　要：《民法典》编纂中对实质担保观的引入,一方面丰富了担保规则的内容与适用范围,另一方面又可能导致担保规则射程不当扩张的体系效应,其中最为典型的是《民法典》第428条流质规范的适用问题。《民法典》第428条的实然立场仍是流质条款无效,只不过运用“转换”法理将其转换为可优先受偿的担保物权,在双重担保观下这一规范射程扩张至“所有具有担保功能的交易”。传统形式担保观下《民法典》第428条的规范目的主要是防范变相高利贷及维护担保物权变价权的属性,而实质担保观下前述规范目的和效力“转换”未必成立,可能有违当事人真实意思。对第428条流质规范的适用,需结合立法目的与当事人真实意思加以考察,特殊情形下还需考量诚信原则等法理念的限制。《民法典》第428条的射程应依“存在专业中间人”和“当事人真实意思”两种要素进行目的性限缩,抑制双重担保观体系效应造成的第428条射程泛化问题。On the one hand,The introduction of the concept of substantive guarantee in the codification of the Civil Code enriches the content and scope of application of the guarantee rules,on the other hand,it may lead to the systemic effect of an improper expansion of the scope of the guarantee rules.The most typical problem are issues concerning the application of Article 428,the provision of Lex Commissoria.The actual position of Article 428 of the Civil Code shows the Lex Commissoria is still invalid,but the legal method of“conversion”is used to convert it into a priority security property right.Under the substantive guarantee,this normative range extends to“all transaction with guarantee function”.The normative purpose of Article 428 of the Civil Code under the traditional form of guarantee is mainly to prevent and to maintain the system of the security property rights.However,under the view of substantive guarantee,the aforementioned normative purpose and“conversion”may not be established,and may violate the true meaning of the parties.The application of Article 428 needs to be examined in conjunction with the legislative purpose and the true intentions of the parties.Under special circumstances,it is also necessary to consider the restrictions of legal concepts such as the principle of good faith.The range of Article 428 of the Civil Code should be purposely limited based on the two elements of“there is a professional intermediary”and“the true intention of the parties”,to restrict the expansion of the range of Article 428 which caused by the effect of the double Guarantee view.

关 键 词：流质效力 射程 双重担保观 转换 目的性限缩 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]