中国式不动产物权期待权的批判与反思  

Criticism and Reflection on the Expectation Right of Real Estate in China

作　　者：庄诗岳 ZHUANG Shi-yue(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《河北法学》2021年第11期100-114,共15页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民事强制执行基础理论研究”(20BFX082)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：不动产物权期待权的概念系由最高人民法院通过《执行异议复议规定》第28、29、30条提出,且在司法实践中逐步统领着权利先期阶段标志下权利内容迥异的形形色色的法律现象。不动产物权期待权的成立,需要受让人的法律地位十分稳固且第三人不能随意破坏。但我国的不动产受让人根本无法获得稳固的法律地位,且法律地位缺乏权利尤其是物权特征,故其法律地位不宜称作物权期待权。案外人执行异议之诉中,民事权益的实体法性质和效力并非排除执行的唯一判断依据,基于执行程序复杂的利益关系,有时需要作为公法的民事执行法对案外人与申请执行人之间的权益冲突进行适当干预,无需借用不动产物权期待权之名寻求民事权益排除执行的实体正当性。The concept of expectation right of real estate is put forward by the Supreme People’s Court through article 28,29 and 30 of the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Certain Issues Concerning the People’s Court Handles Cases of Execution Objection and Reconsideration.And in judicial practice,this concept has gradually dominated various legal phenomena with different contents which still in the early stage of rights.But not any expected benefit can be called the expectation right of real estate,the expectation right of real estate can only be established when the real estate assignee’s legal status is very stable,and the third party cannot destroy it at will.But the real estate assignee in china cannot obtain a solid legal status,and its legal status lacks rights,especially the characteristics of real rights.Therefore,the legal status of real estate assignee should not be called expectation right of real estate.The substantive nature and effectiveness of civil rights and interests are not the only judgment basis to exclude the enforcement in the litigation aroused by execution objection.Due to the complicated interest relationship in the execution procedure,sometimes civil enforcement law as a public law is required to intervene appropriately with the conflict of interest between the outsider and the applicant for execution.The supreme people’s court and judicial practice do not need to borrow the name of the expectation right of real estate right to seek a justification for civil rights and interests can exclude the enforcement.

关 键 词：不动产物权期待权 执行异议之诉 债权形式主义 排除执行 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]