农民集体所有的民法典解释论  

Comments of Peasants’ Collective Ownership in the Civil Code

作　　者：王铁雄[1] 王琳 WANG Tie-xiong;WANG Lin(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《河北法学》2021年第11期28-53,共26页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(19ZDA156);国家社科基金一般项目“民法典实施中农村特别法人之间的法律调适研究”(21BFX075)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从目的解释与体系解释角度,《民法典》(物权编)沿袭《物权法》关于集体财产归农民集体所有由农村集体经济组织代表其行使所有权规定,而总则编仅将农村集体经济组织规定为特别法人,对农民集体未予规定。其目的在于与民法典对国家财产所有权主体规定保持体系一致。即正如总则编仅将国务院等机关规定为特别法人系由于国家为宪法规定的特殊民事主体一样,农民集体亦为宪法规定的特殊民事主体,与农村集体经济组织是一体两面:农民集体作为宣示集体财产归属主体面相一直客观存在;而农村集体经济组织作为实现所有权主体行使面相则各地隐显不一。这亦与我国农村实践、立法传承相符,与农民集体历经组织异化成员权缺政治治理性、组织虚设成员权弱社会保障性并向组织明晰成员权显市场财产性主体发展路向契合。同时,为达规范融通,化解其实践之弊,有必要对民法典作合理化疏议:基于扩张解释,以克服总则编特别法人规定不周延性;基于系统解释与严格解释,以完善物权编演化成员集体归属面相,丰富成员权制度,型塑农村集体经济组织行使面相,明确村民自治组织行使代理制度。并可望依德国民法原理通过成员权+特别法人制度将农民集体两面合一为市场主体,实现民法典规范目标。From the perspective of historical interpretation,systematic interpretation and teleological interpretation,the Real Right Part of Civil Code still adhere to the provisions of the Property Law,collective property being owned by the peasants’collective,while the rural collective economic organizations exercising their ownership on their behalf.The General Principles of Civil Law only stipulates the rural collective economic organization as a special legal person,and does not mention the peasants’collective.Its purpose is to keep the system consistent with the provisions of the Civil Code about state property ownership.Just as the General Provisions only stipulate the State Council and other organs as special legal persons because the state is a special civil subject stipulated by the Constitution,peasants’collective is also a special civil subject stipulated by the Constitution.The peasants’collective and the rural collective economic organization is one subject with both sides.The peasants’collective has always existed objectively as one aspect of the subject of declaring the ownership of collective property.However,the exercise of rural collective economic organizations as one aspect of the subject of ownership varies from place to place.This is consistent with China’s rural practice and legislative inheritance.It is in accordance with the development direction of the property subject of the market to the organization,which is consistent with the legislation that the peasant collective ownership has experienced political governance of organizational alienation and lack of membership rights,social security with virtual organization and weak membership rights,and market property development with clear organization and obvious membership rights,At the same time,it is necessary to make a reasonable comments of the civil code in order to achieve norms unimpeded and solve the drawbacks in practice.Based on the expanding interpretation,in order to overcome the incompleteness of Special Legal Persons.Based o

关 键 词：民法典解释论 农民集体 成员权制度 农村集体经济组织特别法人 村民自治组织代理制度 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]