基本权利私法介入的否定立场  

The Negative Position for Fundamental Rights intervening Private Law

作　　者：曹相见[1] CAO Xiang-jian(Taishan Rule of Law Research Institute,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学泰山法治研究院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第3期109-122,共14页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目《人格权确权的伦理基础研究》(17FXC026)的阶段性成果.

摘　　要：研究基本权利与私法的关系,应区分规范宪法与政治宪法两个维度。人之尊严入宪不意味着基本权利得当然介入私法,其在宪法民法中的发展系各自独立进行,并体现为一种"价值暗合"。作为所有实证权利的价值基础,人之尊严具有面向国家和私人两个维度,基本权利与民事权利仍然泾渭分明。从基本权利的属性上看,它也无法介入私法:基本权利与私法违法性不同,不具有价值秩序的一致性;宪法规定公民义务的意义或者是价值宣示,或者仍然属于公法关系,且不具有普遍性;以刚性为特征的基本权利无冲突之可能,所谓的基本权利冲突实为民事权益冲突,只是学者常将未权利化和未类型化的民事利益与基本权利混淆。合宪性解释作为规范控制手段,也无法贯穿民法与宪法的价值秩序,其对私法仅具形式意义。To study the relationship between fundamental rights and private law,we should distinguish between the dimension of normative constitution and political constitution.The constitutionality of human dignity does not mean that the fundamental right must intervene in private law,and its development in constitution and civil Law is carried out independently and embodied as a kind of"value coincidence".As the value basis of all empirical rights,human dignity has two dimensions facing the state and private,the fundamental rights and civil rights are still clearly defined.From the nature of fundamental rights,it can’t intervene private law:the illegality of fundamental rights and private law are different,there is no consistency of value order between them;the meaning of the citizen’s obligation in constitution is either a declaration of value,or still belongs to the relationship of public law and is not universal;there is no conflict of fundamental rights characterized by rigidity,the so-called conflict of fundamental rights is actually a civil rights conflict,but scholars often confuse the unempowered and untyped civil interests with the basic rights.As a means of normative control,constitutional interpretation unable to run through the value order of civil law and constitution,which has only formal significance to private law.

关 键 词：基本权利 人之尊严 违法性 权利冲突 合宪性解释 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学] D913[政治法律—法学]