行政处罚与刑罚的对流机制研究  

Research on the Convective Mechanism of Administrative Penalty and Criminal Penalty

作　　者：卢勤忠[1] 夏陈婷 LU Qin-zhong;XIA Chen-ting(Law Institute,East China University of Politics Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第3期18-35,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目《民营企业的刑事法律风险及刑法保护研究》(19BFX072).

摘　　要：行政犯在我国的刑法条文及司法解释中多体现为行政处罚是启动刑罚的前提条件,行政处罚是相应行政犯罪的违法性构成要件,此类规定体现了行政处罚的入罪机能,但行政处罚的出罪机能的立法适用却总数寥寥。按照与法益关联程度的高低之分,可以将行政犯区分为低关联法益类行政犯和高关联法益类行政犯,对之采取不同处置措施。相较于高关联法益类行政犯,低关联法益类行政犯罪的刑事不法内容较少,尽管其创设法律所不容许的风险,但因为欠缺实然的损害后果,因此可以通过其他相应措施降低或解除其创设的风险,可以考虑通过行政处罚措施进行除罚化。在充分实现刑法的功能和价值的前提下,均衡发展非犯罪化及刑罚替代措施是缓冲犯罪化所带来负面效果的有效方式。因此,在低关联法益类行政犯罪中尝试构建行政处罚与刑罚的对流机制,在行政处罚作为启动刑罚的前提的同时,扩大行政处罚作为刑罚解除事由的立法适用,实现"入罪"与"免刑"的量的均衡。In the criminal law and judicial interpretation of our country,administrative penalty is the prerequisite of starting penalty,and administrative penalty is the constitutive element of the illegality of the corresponding administrative crime.Such provisions reflect the function of entering into the crime of administrative penalty,but the application of the function of entering into the crime of administrative penalty is very few.According to the degree of association with legal interest,administrative crime can be divided into administrative crime with low association and administrative crime with high association.Compared with the administrative crime with high connected legal interests,the criminal illegal content of the administrative crime with low connected legal interests is less.Although the risk of its creation is not allowed by the law,but because of the lack of actual damage consequences,it can be reduced or relieved by other corresponding measures,and it can be considered to eliminate the penalty through administrative penalty measures.On the premise of fully realizing the function and value of criminal law,balanced development of decriminalization and penalty alternative measures is an effective way to buffer the negative effects of criminalization.Therefore,in the low related legal interest class administrative crime,we try to construct the convection mechanism between administrative punishment and penalty.While administrative punishment is the premise of starting penalty,we should expand the legislative application of administrative punishment as the cause of penalty relief,and realize the balance between"entering crime"and"exempting punishment".

关 键 词：行政处罚 刑罚 对流机制 低关联法益类犯罪 刑罚解除事由 

分 类 号：DF612[政治法律—刑法学] D922.11[政治法律—法学]