防卫限度判断标准的理论反思与司法判断规则  

Theoretical Reflection on the Judgment Standard of Defense Limit and Judicial Judgment Rules

作　　者：齐弋博 Qi Gebo

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学国家安全学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2022年第3期150-181,共32页Criminal Law Review

基　　金：吉林大学横向课题“关于监察体制改革背景下的职务犯罪公务研究:以ZJ省检察实践为范本的实证研究”(TY2019-FW129-ZFCG129)

摘　　要：学界对于防卫限度判断标准的研究着力于构建具体的判断规则,与以往相比较提高了规范的确定性,但是对于防卫限度判断标准的理论研究相对不足。在当下,防卫限度判断标准的理论依据存在争议,特殊防卫条款的属性不明,判断规则的可靠性受到质疑,司法人员在处理疑难案件时依然面临标准不明的困扰。为了解决防卫限度判断标准中存在的问题,首先,明确防卫限度判断标准的理论依据,即“法益保护和法确证原则”;其次,以理论依据为基础,重新解读第20条第3款,明确该条款属于注意规定,以此为切入点解开防卫限度判断标准中的核心问题,将防卫限度分为行为限度和结果限度,并且遵循“先行为,后结果”的判断逻辑;最后,构建防卫限度的司法认定规则,以“二分法”为判断方法,结合指导性案例构建防卫限度认定标准,在具体案件中运用情境理论进行判断。The academic research on the judgment standard of defense limit focuses on the construction of specific judgment rules,which improves the certainty of norms compared with the past,but the theoretical research on the judgment standard of defense limit is relatively insufficient.At present,the theoretical basis of the defense limit judgment standard is controversial,the attribute of the special defense clause is unknown,the reliability of the judgment rules is questioned,and the judicial personnel still face the problem of unclear standard when dealing with difficult cases.In order to solve the problems existing in the judgment standard of defense limit,firstly,clarify the theoretical basis of the judgment standard of defense limit,namely“the principle of legal interest protection and legal confirmation”;Secondly,based on the theoretical basis,reinterpret the third paragraph of Article 20,make it clear that this clause belongs to the provision of attention,take this as the starting point to solve the core problems in the judgment standard of defense limit,divide the defense limit into behavior limit and result limit,and follow the judgment logic of“behavior first and result later”;Finally,build the judicial identification rules of defense limit,take the“dichotomy”as the judgment method,combined with guiding cases,build the identification standard of defense limit,and use the situation theory to judge in specific cases.

关 键 词：防卫限度判断标准 特殊防卫 法益保护和法的确证原则 注意规定 二分法 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]