《刑法修正案(十一)》立法检视:类型归罪与保障进路  

Reflection of Amendment XI to Penal Code of China:Typed Imputation and Guaranteed Approach

作　　者：莫洪宪[1,2] 罗建武 Mo Hongxian;Luo Jianwu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学刑事法研究中心

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2022年第2期162-193,共32页Criminal Law Review

基　　金：中国犯罪学学会研究课题一般项目“新时期涉黑涉恶犯罪生成机理及其长效治理研究”(批准号:FZXXH2022C06)的阶段性成果;广东省佛山市顺德区人民法院与武汉大学法学院合作项目“推动顺德率先高质量发展的政法工作实证研究(刑事法治部分)”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：立法完善是促进刑法理论研究与提升刑事司法效能的关键动因。为了应对新的社会问题,《刑法修正案(十一)》在完善原有罪名条文的同时,也新增了诸多新罪名。通过其具体内容发现,此次刑法修订呈现极端个案类型化、犯罪认定危险化、刑罚配置重刑化等非理性立法特征,并且进一步引出对刑法参与社会治理过程中以立法入罪的判断标准的命题探讨。对此,一方面,应当树立理性的刑法参与社会治理机能观,作为刑法立法的价值导向。不仅要求刑事法网严密、刑罚趋轻且合理,还必须贯彻前置法调整优先于犯罪化、刑罚轻重配置的适时协调及犯罪化后适时非犯罪化的谦抑、动态的刑法治理品质。相应地,为了保障刑法的谦抑性,必须以法益保护的现实化与类型化为标准进行立法犯罪化的初步考察。另一方面,在刑法立法技术上,应当以“以型制罪”思路限缩处罚范围为手段,利用开放结构以建构犯罪化与非犯罪化互动的类型化规范体系,从而形成刑事法网严密、刑罚趋轻且合理、罪名体量“可增可减”、刑罚配置“有轻有重”的刑法立法发展进路,最终实现入罪有理、犯罪化有度、刑罚有紧、罪名有弛的社会治理刑法参与良性机制和理想效果。Legislative perfection is the key motivation to promote the theoretical research of criminal law and enhance the efficiency of criminal justice.In order to deal with new social problems,the amendment XI to penal code of china improved the original provisions of accusations,and added many new accusations.Through the specific content,it can be found that the amendment to penal code presents irrational legislative characteristics such as extreme case typing,dangerous crime identification,heavy punishment allocation,etc.And further leads to the criminal law to participate in the process of social governance by legislation in the judgment of the standard of the proposition.In this regard,on the one hand,we should establish a rational view of criminal law participating in social governance as the value orientation of penal code legislation.It is not only required that the penal code net should be strict,the penalty should be lighter and reasonable,but also that the pre-law adjustment should take precedence over the criminalization,the timely coordination of the disposition of the severity of the penalty,and the modesty and dynamic quality of penal governance should be carried out.Accordingly,in order to ensure the modesty of penal law,we must make a preliminary investigation on the legalization of criminalization by making the protection of legal interests realistic and typicalized.On penal code legislation technology,on the other hand,shall be based on“with type”thinking narrowed the scope of punishment as the means,use open structure to build a criminalized and decriminalized of interactive typed standard system,thus forming the penal code,strict,the penalty is light and reasonable accusations volume can increase can decreases,the penalty configuration“has light is heavy”of the penal law legislation development approach,Finally,the benign mechanism and ideal effect of social governance of penal participation,such as rational incrimination,degree of criminalization,tight punishment and relaxation of charges,wi

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十一)》 社会治理刑法化 严而不厉 以型制罪 回溯性立法 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]