减少犯罪损失限制死刑适用研究  

Research on Limiting the Application of Death Penalty by Reduce the Loss of Crime

作　　者：彭新林 Peng Xinlin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院中国刑法研究所

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2019年第1期226-255,共30页Criminal Law Review

基　　金：2018年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“认罪认罚从宽程序中的量刑建议制度研究”(项目编号:GJ2018D26)的阶段性研究成果.

摘　　要：减少犯罪损失是重要的酌定从宽处罚情节,也是一个综合性的情节,主要通过抢救被害人、退赃等具体情节来体现,其对于量刑包括死刑裁量具有重要意义。正确处理好减少犯罪损失与死刑限制适用的关系,直接关系到严格控制死刑的力度、死刑政策的贯彻乃至死刑个案公平正义的维护。推进抢救被害人情节对死刑的限制适用,要注意理性衡量抢救被害人情节之分量和价值:积极抢救被害人的,一般可不判处死刑立即执行;一般性地或者消极抢救被害人的,可以补强其他从宽处罚情节的分量,作为增大弱化死刑适用力度的因素。退赃情节在死刑限制适用中功效的发挥,也要注意准确衡量退赃情节之分量:积极退缴全部或者大部分赃款赃物的,一般可不判处死刑立即执行;赃款赃物被全部或者大部分追缴的,亦可酌情不判处死刑立即执行;对于不能退赃的,应当分清楚情况,不能一概从重处罚。Reducing the loss of crime is an important discretionary circumstances of sentencing,but also a comprehensive circumstances of sentencing,mainly through the rescue of victims,return of stolen goods and other specific circumstances to reflect,which is of great significance for sentencing,including the death penalty discretion.The proper handling of the relationship between the reduction of crime losses and the restricted application of death penalty is directly related to the strict control of the intensity of death penalty,the implementation of death penalty policies and the maintenance of fairness and justice of death penalty cases.To promote the restricted application of the circumstances of rescuing the victim to the death penalty,we should pay attention to the rational measurement of the weight and value of the circumstances of rescuing the victim.Those who actively rescue the victim may not normally be sentenced to death for immediate execution;Generally or passively rescuing the victim may strengthen the weight of other circumstances of lenient punishment as a factor to increase and weaken the application of the death penalty.The effect of Surrender Ill-gotten Gains in the restricted application of death penalty should be measured accurately.Those who actively refund all or most of the Ill-gotten Gains may not be sentenced to death penalty for immediate execution in general;Where the Ill-gotten Gains have been recovered in full or in large part,the offender may,as approprinate,be sentenced to death without immediate execution;Those who are unable to return Ill-gotten Gains shall be clearly identified and not all of them shall be given a heavier punishment.

关 键 词：减少犯罪损失 抢救被害人 退赃 死刑限制适用 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]