《民法典》损害赔偿责任体系论纲  

The Liability System for Damages in the Civil Code

作　　者：李承亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2022年第6期16-32,共17页Jingchu Law Review

摘　　要：构建损害赔偿责任体系,除了应当考虑损害产生的不同原因和损害的不同类型,更应当考虑赔偿的不同类型。《民法典》的赔偿责任以支付一定金钱的方式实现,却不以填补损害为限。按照是否以填补损害为目的,赔偿责任可以分为损害填补型赔偿责任和非损害填补型赔偿责任。按照填补损害方式的不同,损害填补型赔偿又可以分为恢复原状型赔偿和价值赔偿。民事责任法不存在恢复原状和金钱赔偿的对立,恢复原状和金钱赔偿之间存在大量交叉。恢复原状型赔偿既属于恢复原状,也属于金钱赔偿。不仅可得利益损失、费用损失等财产损失的恢复原状是以支付一定金钱的方式实现,人身损害、有体物的损坏等实体损害的恢复原状也可以以支付一定金钱的方式实现。恢复原状费用赔偿就属于填补人身损害、有体物的损坏等实体损害的恢复原状型赔偿。民事责任法也不存在恢复原状优先模式和金钱赔偿优先模式的对立。恢复原状只在适用上优先于价值赔偿,而不优先于所有的金钱赔偿。恢复原状费用赔偿在性质上属于恢复原状,其适用顺序同样优先于价值赔偿。人身损害是侵害自然人生命、身体、健康造成的伤病、残疾、死亡等肉体损害。人身损害和精神损害都属于非财产损害。To construct the liability system for damages,we should consider not only the different causes of damages and different types of damages,but also the different types of compensation.The compensation liability in the Civil Code is realized by paying a certain amount of money,but it is not limited to filling the damage.According to whether the purpose is to fill the damage,the compensation liability can be divided into compensatory liability for filling the damage and non-compensatory liability for filling the damage.According to the different ways of filling the damage,the compensation for filling the damage can be divided into restoration compensation and value compensation.There is no contradiction between restoration and monetary compensation in civil liability law,and there is a lot of crossover between restoration and monetary compensation.Restoration compensation belongs to bothrestoration and monetary compensation.Not only can the restoration of property loss such as the loss of available benefits and expense be realized by paying a certain amount of money,but also the restoration of physical damage such as personal injury and damage of physical objects can be realized by paying a certain amount of money.Compensation for restoration fees belongs to restoration compensation for physical damage such as personal injury and damage of physical objects.In civil liability law,there is no contradiction between the priority mode of restoration and the priority mode of monetary compensation.Restoration takes precedence only in application over value compensation and not over all monetary compensation.Compensation for restoration fees belongs to restoration in nature,and its application order also takes precedence over value compensation.Personal injury refers to physical damage such as physical injury,disability,and death which is caused by infringement on the life,body and health of a natural person.Both personal injury and mental damage are non-property damage.

关 键 词：民法典 损害填补型 赔偿恢复 原状型赔偿 价值赔偿 非损害 填补型赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]