分子水平的生物膜组学——新一代生物组学  

Biomembranomics at Molecular Level:A New Generation of Biomics

作　　者：高婧[1] 赵关芳 刘超 李泓儒[1,2] 于洋 张陶 王宏达[1,2] GAO Jing;ZHAO Guan-Fang;LIU Chao;LI Hong-Ru;YU Yang;ZHANG Tao;WANG Hong-Da(State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,电分析化学国家重点实验室,长春130022 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《分析化学》2023年第5期721-732,共12页Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.22150003,21727816,21721003);中国科学院院级重大研制项目(No.ZDKYYQ20220005)资助

摘　　要：生物组学是揭示生命规律和人类健康的重要研究手段,但本质上都是大规模整体水平上的特征研究,不能直接用于疾病诊断和治疗,因此应建立新的组学体系以在分子水平上研究生物分子的结构、定位、有序互作和动态功能等。细胞作为生命体结构的基本单元,是由生物膜系统界定的。生物膜在活细胞和周围环境之间形成了一道重要的屏障,并在真核生物中分隔细胞内的细胞器。膜结构的研究已经有近百年的历史,尽管已提出多种细胞膜结构模型,但尚处在模型假说阶段。因为膜的结构、功能和组分间的相互作用是不可分割的有机整体,单独某一方面的研究都无法从本质上认识生物膜系统。基于此,本文提出了“生物膜组学”新概念,将膜系统的结构、功能和分子间相互作用视为一个有机整体,在分子水平上建立新的、真实的膜结构,同时总结了相关技术在分子水平研究膜结构、性质和功能的最新进展,最后讨论了生物膜组学的发展趋势以及面临的机遇与挑战。Biomics is an important research means to reveal the laws of life and human health.However,it is essentially a large-scale feature study at the overall level,and cannot be directly used for disease diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a new omics system to study the structure,location,orderly interaction and dynamic function of biomolecules at the molecular level.As the basic unit of life structure,cells are defined by biomembranes.The biomembranes form an important barrier between living cells and the surrounding environment,and separate organelles in eukaryotic cells.The study of membrane structure has a history of nearly one hundred years.Although many models of cell membrane structure have been proposed,they are still in the stage of model hypothesis.Because the structure,function and interaction between membrane components are indivisible organic whole,the research on one aspect alone cannot uncover the biomembrane system in essence.Based on this,this paper proposed a new concept of″biomembromics″,which regarded the structure,function and intermolecular interaction of membrane system as an organic whole,and established a new and real membrane structure at the molecular level.In addition,the latest progress in the researches of membrane structure,properties and functions at the molecular level were summarized.Finally,the development trend,opportunities and challenges of biomembranomics were discussed.

关 键 词：生物膜 生物膜组学 膜蛋白 膜结构 膜功能 评述 

分 类 号：Q73[生物学—分子生物学]