网络中默认规则的法律规制——一种温和家长主义的视角  

Legal Regulation of Default Rules in Internet——A Perspective of“Soft Paternalism”

作　　者：谢小瑶[1] 尤飞 Xie Xiaoyao;You Fei

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2022年第1期141-156,共16页Xiamen University Law Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“大数据时代个人信息保护边界与策略”(项目编号:17JZD031);司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“疑难案件中法官决策的认知风格研究”(项目编号:16SFB3006)的研究成果

摘　　要：在网络空间中,默认规则作为一种“推定同意”形式存在的选择项,在降低消费者选择成本、提高行动效率的同时,也导致一些商家利用它恣意收集个人信息,侵害消费者平等权、知情权等难题。为此,家长主义与自由主义给出了不同规制思路。前者以强推方式来保护消费者权利,但商家与消费者或用户的自由选择则遭遇被削夺的窘境;后者尊重了商家与消费者或用户的意愿,然决策疲劳、盲目乐观则又使两者所希冀的美好愿望无法实现。要突破此两种思路的难题,温和家长主义是一种有益选择。其根植于个体自主价值,以保护和利用的平衡理念对默认规则进行利益衡量,确定“同意”的中立性地位,设立“选择退出”辅助性规则限制个人信息的任意收集,充分发挥信息披露在个人信息保护中的补充和替代作用,解决默认规则存在的不平等问题。In cyberspace,default rules,which serve as a“presumed consent”option,reduce the cost of consumers’choice and improve the efficiency of actions.While it may also cause problems like willful collection of consumers’personal information and further infringement on consumers’rights to equality and to know.Under the very situation,different regulatory ideas are being discussed from both paternalism and liberalism.Paternalism protects the rights of consumers in a coercive way,but it causes the dilemma that the right of free choice of merchants and consumers(or users)is cut away.Liberalism respects the wishes of businesses and consumers(or users),but decision fatigue and blind optimism make the good wishes of both sides of the transaction impossible to realize.To break through the problems of these two ideas,soft paternalism might be a beneficial choice.Rooted in the individual independent value,it measures the interests of default rules with the balanced concept of protection and utilization,determines the neutral status of“consent”,establishes the auxiliary rule of“opt-out”to restrict the arbitrary collection of personal information,and gives full play to the complementary and alternative role of information disclosure in the protection of personal information to solve the inequality existing in default rules.

关 键 词：默认规则 温和家长主义 个人信息保护 同意 选择退出 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]