论行政举报的宪法依据  

On the Constitutional Basis of Administrative Reporting

作　　者：李凌云 Li Lingyun

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院法学院

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2022年第1期124-140,共17页Xiamen University Law Review

基　　金：2021年中国法学会部级重点课题“法治政府建设中的行政举报法律制度研究”[项目编号:CLS(2021)B09]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：为保障行政举报法律体系的融贯,破解因权利模糊所导致的实施难题,有必要通过法律解释确立行政举报的宪法依据。关于行政举报宪法依据的诸多争论中,主流观点是将《宪法》第41条的“公民监督权”解释为权源基础。但由于行政举报不具有纠错的基本意涵以及权力制约的核心功能,且将此视作监督权会脱离宪法权利的功能定位,故从该条款进行推导值得商榷。行政举报的本质是公私合作背景下的信息规制工具,其作用是为相对封闭的行政科层制提供违法信息与民主资源。依循人民主权、表达自由等基础理论的推演,可将《宪法》第2条“参与管理”条款、第27条“国家机关倾听意见”条款以及第35条“言论自由”条款解释为行政举报宪法依据的规范群,构建举报人与行政机关受宪法支配的参与性秩序。In order to ensure the integration of the normative system of administrative reporting and solve the implementation problems caused by the ambiguity of rights,it is necessary to establish the constitutional basis of administrative reporting through legal interpretation.Among the many debates on the constitutional basis of administrative reporting,the mainstream view is to interpret the“citizen’s right of supervision”in Article 41 of the constitution as the source of power.However,because administrative reporting does not have the basic meaning of error correction and the core function of power restriction,and seeing that as a supervision right will deviate from the functional orientation of the constitutional rights,it is debatable to deduce from this clause.The essence of administrative reporting is an information regulation tool under the background of public-private cooperation.Its role is to provide information of illegal acts and democratic resources for the relatively closed administrative bureaucracy.According to the deduction of basic theories such as people’s sovereignty and freedom of expression,Article 2“participation in management”,Article 27“state organs listen to opinions”and Article 35“freedom of speech”of the Constitution can be interpreted as a regulation group of administrative reporting based on the constitution,so as to build a participatory order in which informants and administrative organs are governed by the constitution.

关 键 词：行政举报 检举 宪法依据 公民监督权 言论自由 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]