汉代“斗检封”考  

Textual Research on“Dou Jian Feng”in Han Dynasty

作　　者：刘海宇[1] Liu Haiyu(Institute of Cultural Heritage,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院

出　　处：《东方考古》2023年第1期343-353,共11页East Asia Archaeology

基　　金：日本学术振兴会(JSPS)基盘研究(C)“日本に所蔵される中国古印に関する調查研究”项目(编号:21K00885)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：“斗检封”之名首见《周礼·地官司徒·司市》郑玄注,后世学者或以为是指铸有“官律所平”四字的小铜器,或认为指“书牍之封检”。据出土文献,“官律所平”指按照相关律令对量器等进行校正。据出土实物,汉代的“斗检封”是用于标识经官方核准的量器上的附属物,而不是“书牍之封检”。斗检封的使用方式是扣合在量器器身或柄部的突起方框上,以铆钉等与方框固定,从而使铸有“官律所平”四字的斗检封浮起于器身之上,以起到昭示官量的效果。斗检封的形制来源于箧匮等器具的封检形式,也可以说源于封泥之制,极有可能创制于王莽篡汉“异器制”之时。The name“Dou Jian Feng”first appeared in the commentary of Zheng Xuan in the book Zhou Li.Diguansitu.Sishi,Later generations of scholars either thought that it was referring to a small bronze vessel with the four characters“Official Law of Correction”,or that it referred to the“seal and inspection of the book”.According to excavated literature,“Official Law of Correction”means calibration of measuring instruments in accordance with relevant laws.According to the unearthed relics,the Han Dynasty's“Dou Jian Feng”was used to identify appendages on offially approved measuring instruments.It is not“scal and inspection of the book”.The use of the“Dou Jian Feng”is to buckle on the measuring instrument's body or on the protruding box of the shank,and secure the box with rivets.As a result,the bucket seal with the four characters“Official Law of Correction”floats on the body of the instrument to show the instrument is official.The system of the“Dou Jian Feng”comes from the sealing form of the instrument such as the Ji Kui.It can also be said that it comes from the sealing mud system,and it is very likely created on the time of“Yiqi system”when Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：斗检封 汉代量器 封检 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学]