姜姓部族的起源与早期的历史  

The Origin and Early History of the Tribe of Surname Jiang

作　　者：尹夏清 尹盛平[2] Yin Xiaqing;Yin Shengping(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University;Shaanxi History Museum)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院 [2]陕西历史博物馆

出　　处：《东方考古》2022年第1期1-18,共18页East Asia Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“关中十六国北朝墓葬出土器物研究”(18BKG025)阶段性成果

摘　　要：根据《国语·周语下》和《诗经·大雅·嵩高》的记载,大禹治水时,得到炎帝后裔共工从孙四岳的帮助,因此羌族的四岳部落酋长被封为诸侯,在陕西陇县境内建立了四岳国,得姓为姜,氏曰有吕,这就是姜姓部族的起源。虞夏之际这段史实,今已得到考古发现的佐证,陇县境内发现的川口河类型齐家文化,就是姜姓四岳国的文化遗存,是名副其实的“姜炎文化”。商代早期姜姓部族在宝鸡市区兴起,后来建立了姜姓的■国,其文化遗存为刘家文化。商代晚期周人迁居周原后,与姜姓的■国结为同盟,共同完成了灭商大业,因此周武王分封■国有功的四个家族长,建立了齐、许、申、吕四个姜姓诸侯国。终西周一代,姜姓的■国之君始终自称■王,其后世史称“姜氏之戎”,这就是姜姓部族早期的历史。According to the records in the literatures of Guo Yu·Zhou Yu(Ⅱ)and Shi Jing•Da Ya•Chong Gao,when Da Yu tamed the flood,he got the help from Si Yue,the brother’s grandson of Gong Gong who was the descendant of Yan Emperor.Therefore,the chief of the Qiang tribe was granted the title of vassal and established Si Yue Kingdom in Longxian county,Shaanxi province with the surname of Jiang and the clan of You Lv.This is the origin of the tribe of surname Jiang.The historical facts during the Yu and Xia periods have been proofed by archaeological discoveries.The Qijia Culture of the type of Chuankouhe found in Longxian county is the cultural remains of the state of Si Yue of surname Jiang,which is the genuine culture of Jiang Yan.The surname Jiang's tribe of early Shang Dynasty had developed in Baoji city,then established the Ce state of surname Jiang.Its cultural remains belong to Liujia Culture.When the Zhou people immigrated to Zhouyuan in the late Shang Dynasty,they formed the alliances with Ce state of surname Jiang and overthrew the Shang Dynasty completely together.Thus,King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed to four clans*leaders who had contributions and set up Qi,Xu,Shen,Lii,four vassal states of surname Jiang.During the total western Zhou Dynasty,the kings of Ce state called themselves as Ce King from all along and their later generations called the nationality of surname Jiang.This is the early history of the tribe of surname Jiang.

关 键 词：四岳国 川口河类型齐家文化 姜氏之戎 刘家文化 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]