论推动构建人类卫生健康共同体的法治方法  

The Legal Methods of Promoting the Construction of a Community of Common Health for Mankind

作　　者：肖永平 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《东方法学》2022年第4期120-131,共12页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大攻关项目“重大突发公共卫生事件的国际法问题研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD201)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行凸显了构建人类卫生健康共同体的必要性。只有运用国际法,采取立法共商、硬法共建、良法共享和法治共进的方法,才能为构建人类卫生健康共同体打下坚实基础。立法共商要在主权国家之间、有关国际组织之间、其他国际行为体之间共商修订《国际卫生条例》和制定“大流行病公约”。硬法共建则要摒弃绝对主权观念,加强世卫组织的主导地位;强化国际合作义务,完善信息沟通机制;用“风险”框架代替“安全化”框架,建立规范透明的“突发公卫事件”启动和运行机制;坚持平衡卫生与贸易原则,加强遵约机制建设;坚持以合意为基础,完善争端解决机制。良法共享需要推动“人类卫生健康共同体”进入“大流行病公约”;引领正确人权观,推动重构人权原则;跳出西方语境设置,聚焦疫情应对;加强国际合作,重视发展中国家关切。法治共进需要从缔约国核心能力建设规则和评估两方面不断完善《国际卫生条例》,实现各国卫生法治的共同进步。The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity and scientific nature to structure the Community of Common Health for Mankind.Only by applying international law and adopting the methods of legislative consultation,hard-law co-construction,good law sharing,and common progress of rule of law,may lay a solid basis for building the Community of Common Health for Mankind.The method of legislative consultation should be conducted among sovereign states,relevant international organizations and other international actors to revise the International Health Regulations(IHR)and to formulate a global pandemic convention.The method of hard-law co-construction needs to abandon the concept of absolute sovereignty for strengthening the leading position of WHO,to strengthen the obligation of international cooperation for improving the information communication mechanism,to replace the"safety"framework with the"risk"framework for establishing standardized and transparent"public health emergency"start-up and operation mechanism,to adhere to the principle of balancing health and trade for strengthening the compliance mechanism,and to uphold the basis of consensus for improving the dispute settlement mechanism.The method of good-law sharing needs to promote the notion of the Community of Common Health for Mankind and formulate the global pandemic convention,to provide a correct conception of human rights for promoting the reconstruction of human rights,to avoid the western setting to focus on epidemic response,and to strengthen international cooperation,especially the concerns of the developing countries.The method of common progress of rule of law requires the continuous improvement of the regulations on the rules for building core capacity and assessment of the signatories to realize the common progress of the health law in all countries.

关 键 词：人类卫生健康共同体 《国际卫生条例》 “大流行病公约” 突发公共卫生事件 国际合作义务 “风险”框架 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] D820[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]