个人信息保护的公共利益考量——以应对突发公共卫生事件为视角  

Public Interest Considerations for Personal Information Protection

作　　者：高志宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2022年第3期17-32,共16页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“慈善组织的治理和监督机制研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD183);江苏省法学会2021年度法学研究课题“个人信息保护中知情同意实现机制研究”(项目批准号:SFH2021B08)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：公共利益是个人信息保护中必须考虑的因素,其背后是公共利益与个人利益的价值衡量。公共利益相对优位性这一价值位阶规律构成了公共利益适当限缩个人信息权益的正当性基础,国内外立法也普遍将公共利益作为处理个人信息知情同意机制的例外情形。利益冲突的多样性决定了个人信息保护的复杂图景,救济不力的困境更是我国个人信息保护的现实关照。我国个人信息保护法中的公共利益条款存在公共利益内涵外延模糊、代表机制缺失、行使规则滞后等问题,导致因公共利益泛化滥用侵犯个人信息权益现象,这在突发公共事件应对中尤为明显。在我国制定统一个人信息保护法的时代背景下,个人信息保护法治建设重点应发生转变。宏观层面,应采取公私法协同推进的多元化法治路径,充分发挥部门法功能,建立综合治理模式,并实现个人信息保护法制体系内部的统一和协调。中观层面,应确立法律授权、目的正当、最小比例、安全保障等公共利益限制个人信息权益的基本原则。微观层面,应当从界定公共利益的内涵外延、明确公共利益代表主体、健全个人信息保护救济途径等方面构建公共利益限制个人信息权益的具体规范。Public interest is a factor that must be considered in the personal information protection,for it is the value measurement of public interest and personal interest.The relative superiority of the public interest constitutes the legitimate basis to appropriately limit the rights and interests of personal information.Chinese and foreign legislations regard the public interest as an exception to the informed consent for personal information.However,the diversity of conflicts of interest determines the complexity of personal information protection,and the inadequacy of relief is a realistic concern for personal information protection in China.The ambiguous connotation and denotation of public interest,a lack of representation mechanism,and lag in exercise of rules in the private information protection law have led to the abuse of private information for the sake of public interest,especially evident in the public emergencies.In the context of China’s enactment of a unified personal information protection law,the focus of the legal construction of personal information protection should change.In the macro level,a diversified approach to the rule of law with the coordinated promotion of public and private laws should be adopted,the functions of departmental laws should be fully utilized,a comprehensive governance model should be established,and a comprehensive governance model should also be established to jointly realize the unification and coordination within the legal system of personal information protection;in the medium perspective,the basic principles of legal authorization,proper purpose,minimum proportion,security and other public interests to limit the rights and interests of personal information should be established.In the micro level,the specific norms for limiting personal information rights and interests due to public interest should be constructed to define connotation of public interests,clarify the representation body of public interest and improve personal information protection and relief methods.

关 键 词：个人信息 公共利益 利益平衡 行政公益诉讼 个人信息保护法 公共卫生 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]